1.1 what is public speaking and public speaker?随堂测验
1、the three major forms of public speaking are speaking to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
2、to be a good public speaker, you need to be a good user of language.
1.2 the communication process of public speaking随堂测验
1、communication is the creation of shared understanding through symbolic processes.
2、in public speaking, receivers also send messages nonverbally while the speaker presents his/her message.
1.3 why is public speaking important?随堂测验
1、public speaking is a powerful tool for social change and civic participation.
2、you need critical thinking when preparing your speech.
1.4 testing
1、the nature of public speaking is communication. communication can be defined as: a、exchange by words, letters, or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means; conference; correspondence. b、people e-mailing each other c、o people screaming at each other d、people talking on the phone e、all the answers are correct.
2、overall, great public speakers are: a、born, not made b、made, not born with it c、born with a special "gift" d、make less money that those who can't do it e、always people with a good heart.
3、what are the three general purposes for giving speeches? a、o to persuade, act , & adjust your speaking style b、to inform, make people laugh, & have fun c、o to inform, persuade, & entertain d、none of the above
4、which element of the speech communication process involves the time and place in which communication occurs? a、interference. b、occasion. c、message. d、channel.
5、public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid ____ in their speeches. a、ethnocentrism. b、vocalized pauses. c、personal statements. d、visual aids.
chapter eight: important methods in public speaking
8.1 major methods of delivery随堂测验
1、good delivery is listener-centered.
2、you should avoid wearing anything that will detract audience when delivering a speech.
2、enviromental analysis is finding out things like the seating arrangement, the number of people likely to attend, and the room lighting.
3、if you are writing a persuasive speech, it is important to find out the audience's interest level in the topic, their knowledge, and attitude.
4、you should fabricate information to please your audience.
8.4 methods of listening and critiquing in public speaking随堂测验
1、because of differences in value system, as listeners, we often reject conflicting ideas and retain our original point of view.
2、as a listener, you cannot interrupt the speaker.
3、when you evaluate speeches, you are engaging in a feedback process that makes you a speech critic.
4、as you criticize the strengths and weaknesses of speakers, keep in mind that your comments help your classmates develop as speakers.
8.5 testing
1、speakers often get de-railed when they make a mistake. the way to handle that is : a、when you make a mistake, admit it, and try to not do it again b、apologize three times c、start all over d、when you make a mistake, move on, the audience won't even know most of the time!
2、which of the following is recommended as a way to improve your listening? a、try to remember everything a speaker says b、pay close attention to feedback from other listeners c、concentrate on the speaker's gestures and eye contact d、suspend judgment until you hear all the speaker has to say e、do not take written notes as the speech is in progress
3、when listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for its a、sufficiency b、accuracy c、objectivity d、relevance e、all of the answers are correct.
4、in a persuasive speech, a speaker must be concerned with the audience's a、attitudes toward the topic b、beliefs about the topic c、knowledge about the topic d、all of the answers are correct
5、if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is the most important for you to do in your speech? a、if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is the most important for you to do in your speech? b、define unclear terms in the introduction c、organize the speech in problem solution order d、focus the speech on questions of value e、answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism f、include a call for action in the conclusion
6、before a speech, a speaker should consider audience a、on how much they love the class b、needs c、psychographics d、attention span e、demographics
7、which of the following would not be a component of a demographic analysis of an audience? a、gender. b、group membership. c、age. d、disposition toward topic.
8、the quickest way to establish a communicative bond with a group of listeners is usually to a、relate a personal anecdote. b、introduce a visual aid. c、establish eye contact. d、ask a pointed, relevant question.
9、a speaker's credibility is most clearly determined by the audience's perception of a、cleanliness and neatness. b、vocal pitch and volume. c、posture and stance. d、competence and character.
10、an audience's disposition toward a topic will typically include each of the following except a、knowledge. b、attitude. c、interest. d、stability.
11、when delivering an address, the most important listener-related factor is usually a、channel of communication. b、frame of reference. c、demographics. d、disposition.
12、as a speaker, you should use audience analysis to: a、adapt your verbal and nonverbal codes to the audience, situation and occasion. b、adapt your topics to the audience, situation and occasion. c、adapt your purpose to the audience, situation, and occasion. d、adapt your choice of supporting materials to the audience, situation and occasion. e、all of the answers are important factors in effective adaptation.
13、of all the kinds of public speaking, persuasion is the most complex and the most challenging.
14、when speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental dialogue with your audience.
15、getting the audience's attention is a vital part of a good speech
chapter two: be a confident public speaker: confronting stage fright
2.1 stage fright: definition, symptoms, and causes随堂测验
1、what are the causes of stage fright in public speaking? a、fear of failure b、fear of being critiqued c、fear of losing face d、all are correct
2、stage fright can be a good thing.
2.2 stage fright: coping strategies随堂测验
1、how to deal with stage fright in public speaking? a、think positively b、know that most nervousness is invisible. c、don't expect perfection. d、all are correct
2、you can reduce your stage fright by shifting the focus from yourself and your fear to your true purpose, that is, contributing something of value to your audience.
3、you can reduce your stage fright if you consider your audience as a pile of potatos that you can overlook.
2、speakers must be confident. the best way to become confident is to: a、take a course in it b、study how to get it and make adequate preparation c、seek advice from many about it d、if you want confidence, act confident
3、which of the following is recommended as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a、concentrate on thinking about your stage fright. b、work especially hard on your conclusion. c、avoid making eye contact with your audience. d、try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. e、think of your speech as an act of communication.
4、stage fright is a condition you should try to totally eliminate.
chapter three: be an ethical public speaker
3.1 what is ethics in publilc speaking, and why is it important?随堂测验
1、while of the following is not right? a、every time you speak, you risk your reputation. b、if you lie or mislead your listeners, they may never trust you again. c、an ethical speaker credits others for their ideas. d、you don't have to give oral credit in public speaking when you are using an example that came from a journal article.
2、which sentence about ethics is not correct? a、ethics refer to the rules we use to determine good and evil. b、ethical rules may be grounded in cultural traditions. c、if you do not follow the ethical rules in speaking, you risk losing your credibility. d、ethical concern is not an issue in publis speaking.
3.2 how to be an ethical speaker in public?随堂测验
1、which of the following statement is not right? a、an ethical speaker will not keep any hidden agenda in his/her speaking. b、as public speakers, we may paint a misleading picture when we leave out some specific details. c、it is acceptalbe to base your speeches on rumors. d、it is unethical to try to convince a group of parents that the only way their children will succeed in school is to purchase an educational program, according to the company you represent.
2、please choose the sentence(s) with an error in reasoning. a、every person i've met has ten fingers, therefore, all people have ten fingers. b、what do you know about the china? you aren't even a citizen. c、i think that we should make the academic requirements stricter for students. i recommend you support this because we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our salaries affected. d、lily: sunny days are good. lucy: if all days were sunny, we'd never have rain, and without rain, we'd have famine and death. therefore, you are wrong.
3、the hasty generalization fallacy relates to inductive reasoning and is the result of too few examples being cited to warrant the generalization.
4、unethical speakers usually disguise message through fallacies and deceive listeners to achieve their goals.
3.3 testing
1、what kind of topics are important for a speech? a、any kind of topics b、topics that only you find interesting c、topics that matter to your listeners, as well as to yourself. d、all of the above
2、which of the following is not typically considered to be a guideline for ethical speechmaking? a、employ reasoning that is above all persuasive. b、be honest in what you say. c、be well-informed about your subject. d、use sound evidence.
3、the most correct way to cite an internet source is: a、"according to the on-line version of time magazine, dr. jones says." b、"according to nbc's website" c、"according to an online article by dr. h. nichols, a doctor at the mayo clinic in rochester mn" d、"according to the june 22, 1999 on-line version of the chicago sun times, dr. herald, a doctor at abc hospital, says" e、"dr. jones, a prestigious microbiologist, was quoted online as saying
4、which of the following students have effectively combined audience analysis with ethics: a、mark finds that the audience strongly disagrees with him on his topic, so he just "tells a white lie" to make it appear that they all are on the same side. b、destiny decides to tell the audience that they are wrong about their views on the topic, taking the "hard sell" approach since she finds out that her audience strongly disagrees with her. c、mia finds the audience knows very little about her topic, so she changes her approach to be much more basic, covering the key terms but not the complex ones. d、all of the above are suggested by your text as ethical and effective audience analysis tactics.
5、when giving a speech, speakers must cite sources by: a、adding a bibliography; it is not necessary to state the sources if you have a typed bibliography to give the teacher or coordinator of the event at which you are speaking. b、using an oral footnote and citing the materials in the written representation of the speech. c、including printed sources only in oral footnotes or written documentation; interviews or television shows need not be cited. d、plagiarizing the source in both the oral and written forms of the speech.
6、ethics refers to fundamental questions of right and wrong in thought and behavior.
chapter four: organizing your speech
4.1 opening, ending, topic selection随堂测验
1、which statement about opening is incorrect? a、rhetorical questions prompt your audience's mental participation in your introduction. b、an effective opening should get your audience to think positively about your subject. c、you should learn some quotations by heart and use them at your beginning wisely. d、you should avoid using startling facts or statistics in the opening.
2、why introduction is important in public speaking? a、a speaker needs a good opening to get the audience's attention. b、a good opening helps the speaker to establish a mood. c、a good opening helps the speaker to create a favorable relationship with the audience. d、a good opening can make the speaker more at ease.
4.2 supporting materials (i)随堂测验
1、boring speech usually lacks lively, relevant, and interesting examples or quotations.
2、supporting matterials help capture and maintain an audience's attention.
3、speakers need evidence to support what they say.
4、without relevant examples and solid statistics, a speaker's ideas may be dismissed.
4.5 the use of language (i)随堂测验
1、for some people, "school" may connote personal growth, and a special teacher; for others, "school" may connote frustration, discipline, and boring homework.
2、don't use a word until you are sure of its meaning.
3、concrete words are those words that refer to tangible objects, including people, places, and things.
4、abstract words are words that refer to ideas or concepts.
4.7 testing
1、in most cases, an introduction should not constitute more than _____% of a speech. a、5-10. b、10-20. c、15-30. d、30-40.
2、which of the following words or phrases is most concrete? a、dwelling. b、habitation. c、cottage. d、residence.
3、a speaker plans to give a speech about the development of the pony express. in order to deliver her speech most effectively, she should arrange the main points of her speech in _____ order. a、spatial. b、topical. c、problem-solution. d、chronological.
4、the task is heavy, the toil is long, and the trials will be severe (winston churchill) is an example of a、alliteration. b、simile. c、invention. d、contrast.
5、when speakers quote or paraphrase the words of another person to support their ideas, they are using the device of _____ as support. a、testimony. b、affirmation. c、hypothetical examples. d、expertise.
6、when researching materials for your speech, you should: a、avoid magazines since they are not books. b、use a variety of resource materials to give a more balanced approach to your speech. c、never use a book since it is probably dated material. d、not use computer research since it generally has a bias.
7、effective speech transitions can help to a、show how points relate to each other. b、prepare your audience for forthcoming ideas and materials. c、connect the body of a speech with the introduction and conclusion. d、all of the answers are correct.
8、the ____ of a speech is its largest portion, in which the speaker places his or her arguments and ideas, substantiation and examples, and proofs and illustrations.
9、an ______ is a "written plan that uses symbols, margins, and content to reveal the order, importance, and substance of your speech."
10、phrases which indicate where you are in the speech such as, "first, i will illustrate..., " "a second idea is...," "finally, we will...," "furthermore, you should consider...", and "in conclusion..." are called ___________.
chapter five: nonverbal communication
5.1 the speakers' voice随堂测验
1、you should adjust the volume of your voice according to the size and the shape of the setting.
2、if there is a microphone, you should know how to use and adjust to it.
3、if you speak softly, you may project an unconfident, insincere image and you may lose the interest and attention of your audience.
5.2 the speakers' body随堂测验
1、your personal appearance can give the audience the first impression and impact.
2、when you speak, your eyes also function as a control device you can use to assure your listener's attentiveness and concentration.
3、when speak in public, you should look listeners in the eye but avoid fixing your eyes at one person or one area for a long time.
4、postures deals with how the body is positioned in relation to another person or group of persons.
5、when you speak, you can shift from foot to foot and swing from side to side.
6、when you speak, you can move your hands and arms freely.
5.3 visual aids随堂测验
1、visual aids are usually used to: a、enhance understanding b、simplify complex procedure c、enhance memory d、grab the attention of the audience
2、which of the following sentence about using visual aids is correct? a、prepare in advance b、keep it simple c、select the right aids d、make sure that visual aids are large enough and are easy to read
5.4 testing
1、there is a simple rule of moving as a speaker. it is: a、move a lot to keep the audience engaged b、if you move, move for a reason c、move your upper body, not your lower d、don't move at all e、move fast
2、when you make eye contact, it connects with the audience because: a、they become engaged b、they don't want you to stare at them c、it shows you are real d、when you make eye contact, you make a friend
3、when using visual aids in a speech, you should: a、display visual aids only while discussing them b、maintain eye contact with listeners when showing visual aids c、avoid passing visual aids among the audience d、all of the answers are correct
4、when delivering a speech, which of the following means of support is most likely to require the use of visual aids? a、statistics. b、hypothetical examples. c、testimony. d、extended examples.
5、each of the following should be used as a guideline for using visual aids to a presentation except a、avoid distributing visual aids among the audience. b、display visual aids throughout the entire presentation. c、avoid using a chalkboard for visual aids. d、explain visual aids concisely.
6、when creating a visual aid, you should keep in mind the size of the room in which you will be speaking? true or false
7、in most circumstances, a speaker should avoid passing visual aids among the audience? true or false
8、in most circumstances you should keep your visual aids on display throughout the speech? true or false
chapter six: question-answering in public speaking and impromptu speaking
6.1 question-answering guidelines随堂测验
1、when formulating answers to possible questions, you could think about any possible questions that may be asked about your speech.
2、when practicing the delivery of your answers, you can have a friend listen to your speech, ask questions, and critique your answers.
3、if you don't understand the question, you can ask the question-raiser to give an example.
4、when answering questions, you should avoid using a sharp or defensive tone.
6.2 impromptu speaking guidelines随堂测验
1、your impromptu speech should be brief and to the point.
2、you should avoid using transitional words between main points in your speech.
3、you should not try to cover too much in your impromptu speech.
4、you should use vaocal variety when delivering your impromptu speech.
6.3 testing
1、define: impromptu speaking a、delivering a speech with advance preparation b、delivering a speech without advance preparation c、writing an informative speech d、none of the answer is correct.
3、in most speech situations, each of the following should happen in an introduction except a、creating suspense by withholding the central idea until the body of the speech. b、getting the attention and interest of the audience. c、previewing the body of the entire speech. d、establishing the speaker's credibility and good will.
4、the conclusion to a speech may typically serve each of the following functions for a subject except a、reinforcement. b、repetition. c、visualization. d、application.
5、when you want to illustrate your point by giving a specific instance of what you are discussing, you should use which of the following types of supporting materials: a、examples b、testimonial evidence c、statistics d、analogies
6、which of the following is an example of an effective preview statement: a、"understanding your credit report is important." b、"knowing what to do in an emergency can be summarized in three easy steps." c、"three steps to making this work will follow." d、"today i will explain first how to reduce your waste, second how to recycle items and third, how to reuse materials." e、"to learn effective rock-climbing,, you will need to know how to stretch, preparing your materials, and you must be able to go on a hike through the woods to find the best spot."
7、the body of the speech: a、introduces the topic to the audience. b、helps provide the audience an introduction to your credentials as a speaker on the topic. c、expands upon the main points previewed in the preview statement. d、all of the answers are correct.
8、tawanna is giving a speech on how weather fronts move from the west coast, to the mid-west, and then to the east coast. her speech follows which of the following organizational patterns: a、time sequence b、topical sequence c、cause/effect d、problem/solution e、spatial/relations
9、you plan to give a speech on the three most popular approaches to quitting smoking. your most likely choice for a speech design would be: a、time sequence b、topical sequence c、cause/effect d、problem/solution e、spatial/relations
chapter seven:three major types of public speaking
7.1 speaking to inform随堂测验
1、a speech to inform shares information with others to enhance their knolwedge or understanding of the information, concepts, and ideas you present.
2、informative speech should be relevant, new, clear, creative, and different.
3、you should avoid making your speech too long.
7.2 speaking to persuade随堂测验
1、persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.
2、questioon of fact is a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.the speaker's purpose is to persuade audience to accept a particular view of the facts.
3、question of value is a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.
4、question of policy is whether a specific course of action should be or should not be taken.
7.4 testing
1、which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking: a、a president of a company presenting an award to an outstanding employee b、a judge explaining the rules of evidence to a jury in a criminal trial c、a marketing manager explaining a new product to the company's sales force d、a union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages e、a scientist reporting research results at a professional meeting
2、the three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are a、questions of opinion, fact, and policy b、questions of problem, cause and solution c、questions of fact, value and policy d、questions of opinion, attitude and value
3、at which of the following would you be most likely to hear a persuasive speech on a question of fact? a、a church service b、a jury trial c、an awards ceremony d、a political convention
4、what are the 5 steps of the monroe sequence? a、1.) satisfaction 2.) action 3.) attention 4.) need 5.) visualization b、1.) need 2.) visualization 3.) action 4.) satisfaction 5.)attention c、1.) attention 2.) need 3.)satisfaction 4.)visualiztion,5.)action d、1.) attention 2.)satisfaction 3.)need 4.)visualiztion,5.)action
5、persuasive speeches typically involve each of the following except questions of a、values. b、emotion. c、policy. d、fact.
6、which of the following is not a guideline that should be followed in the composition of a speaker's purpose statement? it should a、be limited to one idea. b、be expressed as a statement rather than a question. c、use figurative language when possible. d、be written as a full infinitive phrase.
7、_____ is the detailed explanation of facts and ideas. a、narration. b、exposition. c、description. d、definition.
8、each of the following is a common function of a speech of presentation except a、explain in detail each of the person's accomplishments. b、acknowledge the recipient's achievements. c、explain why the person is receiving the award. d、explain the purpose of the award (if the audience is unfamiliar with it).
9、when you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to: a、concentrate on convincing listeners who already share your view. b、conclude your speech by urging the audience to take immediate action. c、deal with all three basic issues of need, plan and particularity. d、justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria.
10、" to persuade my audience that lee harvey oswald was the sole assassin of president john f. kennedy" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact. true or false
11、questions of policy inevitably incorporate questions of fact. true or false
12、"to persuade my audience that capital punishment does not deter people from committing crimes such as murder: is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
13、persuasive speeches on questions of ____ judge whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair.
final test
final test
1、the advantage(s) of effective public speaking is/are: a、generating an understanding of your message. b、impacting and persuading your audience. c、motivating your audience to take a certain action. d、all of the answers are correct.
2、which of the following is not a source of public speaking fear? a、anxiety about the future. b、perfectionism. c、preparation. d、procrastination.
3、when preparing for your presentation, what should you know? a、your purpose. b、your audience. c、your situation. d、all of the answers are correct.
4、persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to a、make sure their goals are ethically sound. b、learn about all sides of an issue. c、present their evidence fairly and accurately. d、all of the answers are correct.
5、before you go on stage, what should you take time to do? a、read through your notes. b、visualize your presentation. c、drink some coffee. d、learn your lines.
6、which of the following is not best to consider when making an introduction? a、accomplishments and honors. b、educational achievements. c、any kind of humor. d、media attention or publications.
7、why do you want to capture your audience’s attention in your introduction? a、because it helps create a bond between you and the audience. b、because it provides motivation for the audience to pay attention. c、because it makes your presentation more exciting. d、all of the answers are correct.
8、which of the following is not the best way to maintain the audience’s attention? a、asking direct questions. b、speaking on an interesting topic. c、bringing visual aids. d、asking for physical movement.
9、when are multimedia tools effective? a、when they are colorful. b、when they enhance your message. c、when they involve technology. d、when they are funny.
10、what types of gestures should you try to avoid? a、ones that send mixed signals with your words. b、ones that look contrived. c、ones that are not appropriate for your audience. d、all of the answers.
11、a persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of a、value b、opinion c、policy d、fact
12、if you cannot get the audience to respond to you, what should you do? a、tell a joke. b、ask someone a question. c、continue with your presentation. d、none of the answer.
13、when is the best time to establish your credibility? a、in the introduction. b、in the content section. c、in the conclusion. d、in all sections.
14、anxiety over public speaking can be reduced by: a、preparing well ahead of time. b、becoming familiar with the technology in your presentation. c、presenting a familiar subject. d、all of the answer.
15、the correct order of the four main parts of presenting is: a、introducing, delivering, concluding, preparing. b、preparing, introducing, delivering, concluding. c、introducing, preparing, delivering, concluding. d、preparing, delivering, introducing, concluding.
16、there is a leadership opportunity at nc state that really interests you. you would like to apply for the opportunity, but are nervous about the public speaking duties that may be necessary. what should you do? a、apply for the position. public speakers are made, not born. b、do not apply for the position. public speakers are born, not made. c、apply for the position but skip any public speaking duties that become necessary. d、avoid all positions and opportunities that involve public speaking.
17、your committee has asked a prominent speaker to give a speech at the next meeting. you have been asked to introduce this speaker. what should you do a、think of a few things to say and ad lib the introduction. b、talk about some of the speaker’s accomplishments and honors. c、tell a funny story from the speaker’s childhood. d、meet with the speaker to collaborate on an introduction that captures attention and establishes credibility.
18、your presentation is going well. you got a good laugh at your joke in the introduction and you are speeding through the content sections without problem. however, you start to notice the audience yawning and rustling their handouts. what do you do? a、keep going, you are almost done. b、ask the audience if they would like to take a break. c、move out into the audience and ask them questions. d、stop what you are saying and wait for their attention.
19、you are about to go onstage to give a presentation. though you have prepared well, your hands have started to shake and your knees are feeling weak. what do you do? a、call off the presentation. b、take a deep breath, visualize your success and hold onto the lectern when you are onstage. c、go get a glass of water or something small to hold onto. d、quickly find someone else to give your presentation.
20、evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is new to the audience. you will gain little by citing facts and figures that are already well known to your audience. because this sort of evidence would appear cliché to your audience.