3、下面哪些选项是学术英语写作的原因？ a、to report on a piece of research the writer has conducted; b、to answer a question the writer has been given or chosen; c、to discuss a subject of common interest and give the writer’s view; d、to synthesize research done by others on a topic.
2、在本章中，提到的四个写作技巧是： a、a research log b、a work schedule c、a mental inventory d、brainstorming
3、计划书包含下面哪些内容？ a、your topic and your thesis b、the kinds of sources you plan to consult c、the problems you anticipate d、any special aspects of your project
5、“my paper will discuss an important topic of education.”是一个好的论题句子。
6、在细化主题时，需要考虑你的写作目的是什么以及预期读者是谁。
7、my most embarrassing moment是一个可以写的论文题目。
8、选题不一定是自己感兴趣的和好奇的。
第三章learning research suitable sources
第三章单元测试
1、在进行互联网搜索时，需要注意的规则是： a、to remain focused on the research topic. b、to resist the temptation to be distracted by unrelated sites. c、to review the source, point of view, and completeness of all documents related to the research topic. d、to remain your curiosity of the research topic.
2、当你进行批判性阅读时，下面哪些是需要考虑的？ a、what are the key ideas in this? b、does the argument of the writer develop logically, step by step? c、are the examples given helpful? would other examples be better? d、does the author have any bias (leaning to one side or the other)? e、does the evidence presented seem reliable, in my experience and using common sense? f、do i agree with the writer’s views?
3、research paper有两种类型，一种是primary research paper, 一种是secondary research paper。
2、下面哪个是citation的定义？ a、using the exact words of the original text in your work. b、short in-text note giving the author’s name and publication date. c、any text that students use to obtain ideas or information. d、full publication details of a text to allow a reader to access the original.
3、下面哪些是作为学生来说，我们必须知道的学会避免剽窃的原因？ a、to show that students understand the rules of the academic community. b、copying the work of others will not help them develop their own understanding. c、plagiarism is easily detected by teachers and computer software. d、plagiarism may lead to failing a course or even having to leave college.
4、下面哪些是提供参考资料和引用的主要原因？ a、to show that you have read some of the authorities on the subject, which will give added weight to your writing. b、to allow readers to find the source, if they wish to examine the topic in more detail. c、to show your respect to the authors. d、to avoid plagiarism.
5、shared language include包括： a、proper nouns such as names of people, organizations, places, etc. b、common nouns that are difficult to reword efficiently. c、technical terms d、numbers and dates
6、好的笔记应该包括哪几点？ a、a summary of main ideas and chief findings of the source b、a paraphrase of the important ideas c、direct quotations of the key statements, and statistics such as percentages and dates d、a note of the publication title, date, authors’ names, page numbers and publishers
8、下面哪些情况是剽窃（）？ a、i take ideas, materials and pictures from the internet without referencing. b、i use another person’s sentences but change them significantly without referencing c、i follow another person’s example in terms of design and method without referencing. d、i take a graph from a textbook, giving the source. e、i give a citation for some information but misspelling the author’s name.
9、下面哪些不是common knowledge? a、generally, there are two kinds of light pollution: ecological pollution and astronomical light pollution. b、the negative effects of gm crops have been shown on animals in many studies. c、there have been about 400 cancer deaths among 100,000 japanese nuclear bomb survivors. d、
10、下面哪些是有效转述的特点？ a、has a different structure to the original b、has mainly different vocabulary c、retains the same meaning d、keeps some phrases from the original that are in common use
11、剽窃一定是故意的行为。
12、but a fact or an opinion derived from a single source requires citation.
13、there are three citation methods: paraphrasing, quoting and summarizing.
14、there are two kinds of summaries: global (to summarize the whole text) and specific (to summarize the parts).
第五章constructing your outline
第五章单元测试
1、academic writing----a handbook for international students (fourth edition) and writing research papers (fifteenth edition)中提到，我们可以用两种形式来罗列大纲，它们是： a、the outline might be informal b、the outline might be a list c、the outline might be a mind map d、the outline might follow up
2、academic writing----a handbook for international students (fourth edition) and writing research papers (fifteenth edition)中提到，大纲有两种类型，分别是： a、informal outline b、list outline c、running outline d、formal outline
5、我们有可能对working outline进行以下哪些修改？ a、you will choose a new topic. b、you will add some topics and delete others. c、you will reevaluate topics. d、you will rearrange the order of topics and subtopics to facilitate transitions and improve coherence.
6、working outline不是暂定的，一旦制定下来，就不能再修改了。
7、the more detail you include in your outline, the easier the writing process will be.
8、the procedure involved in outlining is basic in both written and oral communication: formulation of an overall idea (a thesis), division of material into main points, and sensible organization of supporting material for each main point.
9、a formal outline is a diagram of a paper’s design, a bird’s-eye view of its structure.
10、if one roman numeral is subdivided into capital letters and the next one is subdivided as far as lowercase letters, the outline probably is correct.
第六章writing a literature review
第六章单元测试
1、文献综述的作用是： a、it is a list of sources that you have studied. b、it can be used to show that there is a gap in the research that your work attempts to fill. c、it can be used to clarify the varying positions held by other researchers. d、it can be used to show how changes in thought have appeared at different times.
2、文献综述的写作包括以下哪几步？ a、problem formulation b、literature search c、note-taking d、synthesizing e、literature review construction
3、下面哪些是段落写作的特点？ a、a paragraph is a group of sentences that deal with a single topic. b、the length of paragraphs varies significantly according to text type, but should normally be no less than four or five sentences. c、usually (but not always), the first sentence introduces the topic. other sentences may give definitions, examples, extra information, reasons, restatements and summaries. d、the parts of the paragraph are linked together by the phrases and conjunctions.
4、the conclusion should give a summary of: a、the main agreements and disagreements in the literature. b、any gap or area for further research c、your overall perspective on the topic. d、the outline of the paper. e、your further research.
5、下面哪些内容是导言部分所必要的？ a、definition of key terms, if needed b、relevant background information c、review of work by other writers on the topic d、any limitations you imposed e、purpose or aim of the paper f、your research methods g、an outline of your paper
6、《学术英语（理工）》第二版中提到批判性阅读的最关键的特点是： a、examine the evidence or arguments presented. b、check out the limitations of the studies designed. c、examine the interpretations made. d、decide to what extent you are prepared to accept the author’s arguments, opinions or conclusions.
7、文献综述完成后，需要在以下哪几个方面进行检查? a、is the purpose clearly defined? b、are the varying viewpoints/methodologies/models/theories fully discussed? c、are gaps in literature and research identified？ d、are the bibliographical details of the sources provided?
8、在文献综述的写作中，下面哪种情况适合用现在完成时？ a、the research referred to is recent, or is more indicative of the present state of knowledge. b、there is no specific date or time you can refer to in the beginning of the literature review. c、it is used when summarizing an area of research in the literature review. d、it is used when referring to someone’s views, positions or arguments, especially when comparing positions in a debate.
9、there are two types of literature review: one is a self-contained literature review, and the other is only a part of a research paper.
10、it is useful to remind the reader of the wider context of your work in the introduction part. this may also show the value of the study you have carried out.
2、下面哪些是在研究中采用调查方法的原因？ a、to replicate other research b、to test a hypothesis c、to get up-to-date data d、to collect information about the behaviour of a specific group
3、下面哪些是我们在设计调查问卷时应该注意的？ a、limit the number of questions so the respondent can answer them in a minute or two. b、keep questions clear and simple, and not too personal. c、closed questions are easier to process, but open questions will collect a wider range of responses. d、you should try putting the questions to a classmate before beginning the full survey, and be ready to modify any that were not clear. e、do not collect unnecessary information.
4、the method section should provide enough information to allow other researchers to replicate your experiment or study.
5、try to find the balance between keeping the methods section short, whilst including all of the relevant information.
6、case studies, which are detailed examples, attempt to show exactly what happened in a particular situation.
7、methods section it typically consists of four subsections: 1) participants; 2) materials; 3) samples; and 4) procedures.
8、knowing how the data are collected helps the reader evaluate the validity and reliability of your results and your conclusion.
9、the method section of a research paper provides the methods and procedures used in a research study or experiment.
10、the procedure part of your method section should detail the procedures used in your experiment. explain what you had participants do, how you collected data, and the order in which steps occurred.
第八章results section
第八章单元测试
1、the results section: a、reports the data from the experiments b、tests the author’s hypotheses c、highlights key findings from the data d、rounds figures and making generalized comparisons
2、结果部分写作的一般准则是： a、do not give detailed methods which belong to the methods section. b、do not list data which belongs to the discussion section. c、do not repeat the details which is already listed in a table. d、do not try to describe all the raw data , but select and highlight the main data. e、do not offer the description of the data without an opening sentence which summarizes the findings derived from the data.
3、在借助表格和图表来描述数据时，下面哪些建议是正确的？ a、limit the number of tables and figures b、write a descriptive title for each table and figure. c、number each table and figure in the order in which they are referred to in the text d、be sure all tables and figures are referred to in the text.
4、the mean is practically meaningless without information of the standard deviation.
5、tables provide visual impacts and therefore they are often the best way to communicate the primary findings.
6、line graph is used to show statistical display.
7、“table 3 and 4” is correct because each table is a separate entity.
8、in results section, all results deserve a separate table or figure.
9、bar chart is used to show proportion.
10、when referring to visual information in the text, the word figure is used for almost everything (such as maps, charts and graphs) except tables.
第九章discussion section, conclusion section and abstract
2、在discussion section中，需要回答的基本问题包括： a、do your results provide answers to your testable hypotheses? if so, how do you interpret your findings? b、do your findings agree with what others have shown? if not, do they suggest an alternative explanation or perhaps an unforeseen design flaw in your experiment (or theirs?) c、given your conclusions, what is our new understanding of the problem you investigated and outlined in the introduction? d、if warranted, what would be the next step in your study, e.g., what experiments would you do next?
3、在discussion section中，需要简要地说明以下几个方面： a、restate the major findings b、restate the outline of the paper c、compare your results with those of previous studies d、explain your findings, especially the unexpected findings e、discuss the implications of your finding
4、一篇典型的摘要需要提供以下哪些信息： a、background of the study b、research objectives c、methods employed d、important findings or results obtained e、conclusions drawn
5、overall, results deal with points，and discussion deals with facts.
6、in results section, you must relate your work to the findings of other studies---- only including previous studies you may have done.
7、conclusions section tend to be longer and more varied in format than introduction section.
8、there are two kinds of abstracts: paper abstracts and conference abstracts.
9、basically, an abstract is a single paragraph (about 200 words) containing about 4 to 10 full sentences.
10、the function of hedging language is to protect you from possible criticism or to minimize or soften what you say.
第十章writing an end-of-text reference list
第十章单元测试
1、如果期刊文章只有一位作者，那么下面哪些是正确的？ a、the author and date are positioned the same as for a book. b、the title of an article is not enclosed in quotation marks; only proper nouns or proper adjectives and the first word of a title or subtitle are capitalized. c、both the volume number and the title of a journal are italicized. d、if a journal is paginated separately in each issue, the issue number is given in parentheses after the volume number, with no intervening space.
2、mla格式包括下面哪些内容？ a、a list of the sources used in a paper that serves as a general acknowledgment of indebtedness to each. b、headed works cited, this list follows the final page of the text. c、separate citation of each borrowed fact or opinion. d、the source and the page number, enclosed in parentheses, follow the borrowed material.
3、下面哪些是参考书目的基本规则？ a、place the reference list immediately after the conclusion section, but before the appendix. b、do not include sources which you read but did not use. c、arrange the sources alphabetically by the last name of the author, or, if there is no author, by the first word of the title. d、be consistent with punctuation, placement of the year of publication and use of italics.
4、not every citation in the text must have a matching entry in references, which include information about the author (or editor), title, and publisher.
5、apa documentation has a twofold purpose: to list all of the sources used in a paper and to identify the specific location of each item of borrowed material.
6、in apa style, the names of all authors are inverted, and the last two names are joined by the word “and”.
7、for more than six authors, list the first six and use et al. to represent the others.
8、the article’s doi (digital object identifier) is the unique code given by the publisher to a specific article. （
9、in apa style, citations in the text usually consist of the name of the author(s) and the year of publication.
10、use the word anonymous if the author’s name is known but not given on the title page.
11、in mla style, the editor of a collection of essays, stories, and so on is identified before the title; ed. here means “editor,” and eds. is not used if there are two or more editors.
12、in mla style, months except for may, june, and july are abbreviated in works cited and in parenthetical citations but not in the text of a paper.
13、in mla style, to create an entry for a source taken from an online database, begin with the appropriate form, and omit the medium (usually print). conclude the entry with the name of the database (in italics), the medium (web), and the access date.
14、in mla style, to identify a source, type the first main word in the works cited entry (usually the author’s last name) and the page reference immediately after the borrowed material.
15、in cse style, end references are not sequenced based on the order that they appear in the text, they are not listed alphabetically.
16、in apa style, two works by the same author published in the same year are arranged alphabetically with a lowercase letter added after the year to distinguish between them.
17、in apa style, only proper nouns and the first word of a title and subtitle are capitalized.
18、except for major cities, apa style uses the two-letter postal abbreviation to identify the state in which the publisher is located.
19、in mla style, if you are likely to use a dissertation: after the title add diss. (not italicized or enclosed in quotation marks), the university, and the year.
20、in mla style, if you have two or more books by the same multiple authors, the three hyphens should be used for all entries after the first.
21、in cse style, we don’t need to use numbers within the text to refer to the end references.
第十一章polishing your final paper
第十一章单元测试
1、in proofreading, you look for： a、typographical errors b、misspellings c、punctuation mistakes d、misuse of capital letters
2、我们在对论文内容部分进行校对时，应该包括以下哪些方面？ a、the title and abstract b、the introduction section c、the body section d、the discussion/conclusion section
4、在本章中，使用正式文体时需要注意的语言点包括： a、using the active voice b、varying sentence patterns c、avoiding jargon d、writing concisely
5、after completing your first draft, you should leave it for a day and then reread it, asking yourself the following questions: a、does this fully answer the question(s) in the title? b、do the different sections of the paper have the right weight (i.e. is it well balanced)? c、does the argument or discussion develop clearly and logically? d、have i corrected all the grammar mistakes? e、e. have i forgotten any important points that would support the development?
6、适当的学术写作风格指的是: a、shows formality and accuracy in the choice of language; avoids colloquial language, spoken expressions and cliches. b、supports arguments by quotes, paraphrases and summaries; uses elaboration, explanation and synthesis of ideas. c、use in-text reference and end-of-text reference list; is based on research-supported points. d、uses subject- or field-specific language to the extent that it may be difficult for a person outside the area to fully understand the text; uses complete sentences and paragraphs.
7、当我们对论文进行校对时，在citation部分应该注意以下哪些方面？ a、have all sources been adequately, consistently and correctly in-text referenced? b、are you sure that your paraphrasing is rewritten substantially instead of by changing a few words? c、are you sure the direct quotation should be used less and an indented paragraph used to highlight it if the quotation runs more than two lines? d、do you synthesize well from several sources by using appropriate reporting verbs?
8、ffective revision requires that you evaluate and, whenever necessary, improve the structure, content, and style of your paper.
9、in a paper, the most common way to connect ideas, however, is to use transitional elements—words and phrases that indicate relationships between ideas.
10、the passive voice is inappropriate when the performer of an action is not expressed or when the object or receiver of the action is more important.
11、academic essay is characterized by objectivity and preciseness.
12、nominalization can only create an impersonal and objective tone, but not increase the density of meaning and conciseness of expression.
13、the test of a statement is whether you understand it, not whether a new reader will be able to.
14、as you revise your draft, check each paragraph to make certain that it is unified around a single idea and that it is developed in logical sequence.