1、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect the group_______one of its members to be their spokesperson.
2、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect wage increases are being kept to a(n)______ in many companies because of the economic depression.
3、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect the engineering profession now has many_______branches.
4、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect now that you’re 13 you should have more sense of_______.
5、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect students usually______ one or more of the subjects, which they have studied at “a” level, such as art, drama, english, music, etc.
6、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect we need to make sure that we_______our resources as fully as possible.
7、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect congress is considering measures to_______ the sale of cigarettes.
8、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect college courses should be designed to______students with knowledge and skills to help them survive in modern society.
9、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect the local government ______ $1.1 million so that the old theater could be taken down and rebuilt.
10、pursue responsibility grant equip restrict distinct minimum exploit award elect for his achievement in the medical field, the mayor _____ him a medal of merit.
passage b a once-in-a-lifetime journey随堂测验
1、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice reducing unemployment will be the main _______ facing the new government.
2、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice the new toy didn’t _______ the child’s attention for long; a few minutes later he cried again
3、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice they accused him of having_______ against his women employees.
4、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice at the meeting, she made a number of ________remarks to help improve our work.
5、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice he said she____________ him from a hard-drinking person to a devoted husband and father.
6、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice my tutor______ me to take the time to read at least three books on the list.
7、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice the mutual understanding between the couple provides a solid _________ for their marriage.
8、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice the knowledge that a rescue team would continue searching for them _______the trapped miners.
9、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice he did not realize that the unemployment was all that_______ in the city.
10、sustain transform challenge urge engage generate critical constructive foundation prejudice the terrible accident _______a lot of public interest in the nuclear power issue.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. why are uniforms so popular in the united states? among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. people have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. what easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? uniforms also have many practical benefits. they save on other clothes. they save on laundry bills. they are tax-deductible（可减税的）. they are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. when people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 21. it is surprising that americans who worship variety and individuality _______. a、still judge a man by his clothes b、hold the uniform in such high regard c、enjoy having a professional identity d、will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
2、people are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______. a、suggests quality work b、discards his social identity c、appears to be more practical d、looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
3、the chief function of a uniform is to _______. a、provide practical benefits to the wearer b、make the wearer catch the public eye c、inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself d、provide the wearer with a professional identity
4、according to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______. a、are usually helpful b、have little or no individual freedom c、tend to lose their individuality d、enjoy greater popularity
5、the best title for this passage would be _______. a、uniforms and society b、the importance of wearing a uniform c、practical benefits of wearing a uniform d、advantages and disadvantages of uniforms
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ sustain transform distinct rewarding prejudice pursue challenge exploit minimum restrict they hoped to _______ the claim that he never slept.
7、the five years that he spent on the ship _______ him from a boy to a man.
8、the runner was able to _______ the same pace for hours.
9、you must _______ every opportunity to learn new things.
10、a tour of the great wall is an immensely _______ experience.
11、i've spent a lifetime fighting against racism and _______.
12、he was _______ by the doctor to five cigarettes a day.
13、this book is divided into two _______ parts.
14、why do some people _______ higher paying but demanding careers?
15、employers frequently pay workers below the _______ wage, and some employers do not pay their workers at all.
16、part ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ my first suggestion is to get to know the faculty, who have chosen to pursue the academic life because of their passion for learning and their desire to share their knowledge with others. we have an 11________ faculty — get to know them and discover why they are passionate about their scholarly 12________. over the next few years, you will get to know students whose backgrounds, cultures or beliefs are different from yours. you may find that your values — and your prejudices — are 13_______. i hope that you will discover a new understanding and for the pluralistic society in which we live and find constructive ways to 14_______ to the world. the opportunity to learn from your fellow students is an important part of a stanford education. you have chosen to attend a university that is not only a great educational institution but is also a great research institution. i encourage you to take 15_______ of that. take courses and attend seminars that 16_______ the frontiers of fields where new knowledge and understanding are being created. for me, 17_______ in research as an undergraduate led me from my major in electrical engineering to my graduate major in computer science, and it ignited a passion for being on the 18_______ edge of discovery. this passion sustained me through my phd and continues to 19_______ me after more than 30 years as a stanford faculty member. being at the forefront of discovery and taking part in the creation of new knowledge is an 20_______ rewarding and life-altering experience. a. pursuits b. contribute c. eligible d. explore e. immensely f. advantage g. appreciation h. extraordinary i. attribute j. leading k. excite l. challenged m. critical n. participating o. desired 11. ________
17、________
18、________
19、________
20、________
21、________
22、________
23、________
24、________
25、________
translation
1、任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote)
2、遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of)
3、这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities)
4、由于这个国家的经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of)
5、公园位于县城的中央。(be located in)
unit 2 jobs and careers
passage a your dream job: a click away随堂测验
1、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot i’m absolutely sure that this dress is a cheaper of the one we saw in that department store.
2、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot the bookshelves were crowded with books and scientific __________.
3、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot if you want to open a file, __________ twice on the icon (图标) for it.
4、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot to their disappointment, the thieves were __________ by the police at the moment they were entering the bank.
5、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot during world war ii, many __________ fled to the united states.
6、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot they’ve updated (更新) a lot of __________ in the most recent edition of the dictionary.
7、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot despite ___________ difficulties, they did not find the life in london unpleasant.
8、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot after a lot of part-time jobs, john finally got a(n) position.
9、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot in your report, you should give a(n) _________ description of the whole incident.
10、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot companies publish__________ reports to inform the public about the previous year’s activities.
passage b dream jobs: college students make their picks随堂测验
1、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence there is a scar on the criminal’s face, so it’s not hard to ____ him.
2、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence don’t count on mr. wilson. he isn’t ____ to agree to take the position.
3、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence what are the ____ that distinguish yours from other universities?
4、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence his speech won him a ____ round of applause from the audience.
5、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence after a two-month internship, mary was ____ in a position in this company.
6、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence the ____ for young people in this job are excellent although the starting salary is not satisfactory.
7、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence many workers in the country have been laid off as a ____ of the financial crisis and economic downturn.
8、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence it’s reported that the company will ____ all its new employees from college graduates next year.
9、genuine identify likely characteristic reflect recruit competitive confirm prospect consequence many export-oriented industries have lost their ____ edge because of the high exchange rate.
10、annual version financial entry refugee publication detailed full-time click spot he has a strong sense of responsibility, which ____ in his devotion to work.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. some 65% of american men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. this gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. the world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. the experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. but the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. the divide is most extreme in america, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. policy is partly responsible. many european governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. but the changing nature of work also plays a big role. pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 21. what is happening in the workforce in rich countries? a、younger people are replacing the elderly. b、well-educated people tend to work longer. c、unemployment rates are rising year after year. d、people with no college degree do not easily find work.
2、what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? a、longer life expectancies. b、profound changes in the workforce. c、a rapid technological advance. d、a growing number of the well-educated.
3、what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? a、economic growth will slow down. b、government budgets will increase. c、more people will try to pursue higher education. d、there will be more competition in the job market.
4、what is the result of policy changes in european countries? a、unskilled workers may choose to retire early. b、more people have to receive in-service training. c、even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. d、people may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
5、what is characteristic of work in the 21st century? a、computers will do more complicated work. b、more will be taken by the educated young. c、most jobs to be done will be creative ones. d、skills are highly valued regardless of age.
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect only by keeping down costs will america maintain its ____________ advantage over other countries.
7、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect the church has ____________ volunteers to help.
8、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect mara ____________ the book she would buy for tom's birthday while shopping last sunday.
9、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect the sun ____________ off the snow-covered mountains.
10、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect please bring something with you that ____________ your identity.
11、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect in its ____________ report, unicef says at least 40,000 children die every day.
12、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect you can order anything with a single ____________ on the mouse.
13、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect thousands of ____________ have entered the camps along the borders in recent days.
14、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect two of the suspects have been ____________ by witnesses two days after the murder.
15、click annual identify confirm refugee recruit financial competitive spot reflect tokyo and new york are the major ____________ centres in today's world.
16、ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ in its 11____________ survey of u.s. college students, the research firm universum usa asked its more than 60,000 respondents to 12____________ the characteristics they associate with dream employers, and 13____________ down the results into seven personality types. careerists are looking for a 14____________ brand name and employers who 15____________ only the best and brightest; entrepreneurs want to work for fast-growing companies with a 16____________ work environment; explorers are looking for challenging work and a 17____________ of assignments; harmonizers are seeking work / life balance and 18____________ employment; hunters are attracted by competitive base salaries and good 19____________ for future earnings; idealists are 20____________ to friendly work environments and high ethical standards; and leaders want leadership opportunities and mentors. a) secure e) recruit i) mood m) prospects b) consequently f) broke j) annual n) prestigious c) identify g) creative k) variety o) tended d) depressing h) classified l) drawn 11. ____________
17、____________
18、____________
19、____________
20、____________
21、____________
22、____________
23、____________
24、____________
25、____________
translation
1、如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure)
2、要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without)
3、这个国家不大，但是在国际事务中它却发挥着重要作用。(play a … role)
4、正是在我叔叔的帮助下，我得以克服困难，按时完成了任务。(it is … that)
5、你应该知道学习弹钢琴需要有时间，有金钱，还要有毅力。(as well as)
unit 3 advertising
passage a the ad council at a glance随堂测验
1、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 1. we gave up the house, because of ____________ considerations.
2、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 2. the value of the painting was ____________ at several thousand dollars.
3、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 3. the new tax will not have any ____________ impact on the lives of most people.
4、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 4. i was greatly ____________ to work hard by her example.
5、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 5. the company’s main function is to ____________ profit.
6、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 6. the profit-sharing plan is designed to ____________ the staff to work hard.
7、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 7. almost all our electricity is ____________ by heating water to form high-pressure steam.
8、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 8. thousands of soldiers are working to ____________ food and blankets to the refugees.
9、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 9. let me see all the official documents ____________ the sale of this land.
10、abuse inspire concerning estimate economic distribute motivate measurable maximize create 10. drug and alcohol ____________ contributed to brian’s early death.
passage b the uses and abuses of advertisements随堂测验
1、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 1. if you agree to be our sales agent, we will allow you a good discount as part of the _______.
2、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 2. on no account should we ________ our fine traditions and styles of work.
3、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 3. the pop singer cancelled his concert scheduled for tonight because the ________ cannot pay him the money he asked for.
4、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 4. the curtains opened, to ________ a darkened stage.
5、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 5. severe damage witnessed the _________ force of the storm.
6、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 6. the mother could not __________ her amusement at the boy’s mistake.
7、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 7. the _________ showed no signs of giving in to the kidnaper’s demands.
8、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 8. engineers are forever seeking more _________ methods of solving problems.
9、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 9. the protest was a well-planned and carefully ________ affair.
10、abuse reveal economical sponsor stage discard authority eliminate destructive bargain 10. if you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, ________ it from your diet.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. a research report says that virtual worlds can be important places where children practice what they will do in real life. they are also a powerful and attractive alternative to more passive adventures like watching tv. the research was done with children using the bbc's adventure rock virtual world, aimed at those aged 6-12.it surveyed and interviewed children who were the first to test the game. the online world is a theme island built for the bbc's children channel by belgian game maker larian. in this virtual world, the players can gain points by finishing tasks, such as collecting coins etc. they can create their own works in different 'studios' like an art studio, a music studio and an animation studio. although children travel around the world alone, they use message boards to share what they find and what they do in the different creative studios they find around the virtual space. at times children were explorers and at others they were social climbers eager to connect with other players. some were power users looking for more information about how the virtual space really worked. the children could try all kinds of things without having to be afraid of the consequences that would follow if they tried them in the real world. they learned many useful social skills and played around with their identity in ways that would be much more difficult in real life. according to the study what children liked about virtual worlds was the chance to create content such as music, cartoons and videos. the publishers of the report say that virtual worlds can be a powerful, engaging and real interactive substitute for more passive media. they urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people involved very early on because they really do have good ideas to add and they are very good critical friends. 21. what is the writer’s attitude towards virtual world? a、supportive. b、critical. c、neutral. d、negative.
2、which of the following is closest in meaning to “alternative” in paragraph 1? a、island. b、aim. c、creator. d、choice.
3、which place is not designed in the bbc's adventure rock virtual world? a、animation studio. b、art studio. c、math studio. d、music studio.
4、why do children love playing online games according to the research? a、because they can travel around the world alone. b、because they can enjoy the process of creation. c、because they can challenge themselves to achieve more. d、because they can get advice from adults and teachers.
5、why do publishers encourage kids to play online? a、because kids love to play different roles. b、because kids can learn more social skills. c、because kids have brilliant ideas to share. d、because kids can try all sorts of activities.
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ discard distribute eliminate measurable concerning maximize stage sponsor motivate authority certain new regulations ________ study abroad have been announced recently.
7、the authorities have abandoned any attempt to _________ food.
8、most people said that pay was their main ________ for working.
9、working conditions have changed ________ in the last ten years.
10、cost management is one of the main methods to ________ the profit of enterprises.
11、i would like to take this opportunity to thank all the volunteers and _________.
12、so far russian workers _________ a number of strikes in protest at the republic's declaration of independence.
13、i'm going to ________ those magazines if you've finished reading them.
14、some local _________ and voluntary organizations also run workshops for disabled people.
15、america wants to _________ tariffs (关税) on items such as electronics.
16、ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ on television,the abuse of advertisements is most 11____. who can bear sitting through ten minutes of 12____bombardment by shampoos, hair creams, snacks, washing powder and underarm spray? it is just too much! what is worse, they always come just before the most exciting part of a program. besides giving us a 13____jolt they methodically 14____and abuse our minds until we watch them without actually seeing and hear their chatter without actually listening. it would certainly be for the good of all viewers if the advertisers 15____down on their advertisements and only advertise discreetly. 16____ advertisement on television is based on hard-selling and relentless assault on the viewers. furthermore how much of what they advertise are based on truth? does using a certain brand of shampoo 17____dandruff? my personal experience is a 18____no. does 19____certain food make us healthier? then why are the hospitals always full? does using a certain brand of soap powder really make the owner happier? such things we must ask, if we do not want to be 20____ in by the advertisements. a) numb e) definite i) eliminate m) prospects b) consuming f) apparent j) annual n) prestigious c) cut g) presently k) variety o) taken d) continuous h) classified l) mental 11. ____________
17、____________
18、_______________
19、_______________
20、_______________
21、_______________
22、_______________
23、_______________
24、_______________
25、_______________
translation
1、我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly)
2、应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt)
3、虽有困难，他们还是设法坚持试验下去。(carry on)
4、我们必须淘汰不合格的申请人。(weed out)
5、医生要他减少抽烟。(cut down on)
unit 5 ways to success
passage a my advice to students: education counts随堂测验
1、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually the economy in that country deeper and deeper into crisis.
2、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually my father was a historian and his was the history of germany.
3、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually they decided to close the museum _ and simply because it cost too much to run.
4、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually the local government has decided on new measures to car use in favour of public transportation.
5、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually it’s pretty that they’ll turn up now — it’s nearly ten o’clock.
6、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually the interchange of ideas aids an understanding of group .
7、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually she says it’s a good film and recommends it to all her friends, though she hasn’t seen it.
8、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually stop shouting and let’s discuss this .
9、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually people now that green issues are important to our future.
10、purely perceive discourage dynamics unlikely specialty reasonably sink extended actually kathy and eric run this small hotel as a(n) " home", which should give you a good idea of the atmosphere of warmth and hospitality there.
passage b christopher reeve -- a real superman随堂测验
1、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval with one the dog was over the fence.
2、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval we don’t have sufficient resources to our campaign for long.
3、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval she realized that being unable to speak a foreign language was a major to her career.
4、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval the actor said that he felt quite after the holiday, and was ready to work again.
5、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval i’m only 16, and i’m afraid i can’t sign these papers without my parents’ _ .
6、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval the in the balance of power in the region has far-reaching consequences.
7、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval i’d like to the point that we are ready to meet with the management at any time.
8、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval you won’t have to a medical examination, or any probing questions about your health or occupation.
9、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval when you’re young you think you are ; you feel you can achieve anything.
10、sustain obstacle emphasize undergo restore bound appearance shift invincible approval she was making a public signing copies of her latest novel.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. could you reproduce silicon valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it? it wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the us either. what does it take to make a silicon valley? it's the right people. if you could get the right ten thousand people to move from silicon valley to buffalo, buffalo would become silicon valley. you only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心): rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人). observation bears this out. within the us, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. few startups happen in miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds. it's not the kind of place nerds like. whereas pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. the top us computer science departments are said to be mit, stanford, berkeley, and carnegie-mellon. mit yielded route 128. stanford and berkeley yielded silicon valley. but what did carnegie-mellon yield in pittsburgh? and what happened in ithaca, home of cornell university, which is also high on the list? i grew up in pittsburgh and went to college at cornell, so i can answer for both. the weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in boston. rich people don't want to live in pittsburgh or ithaca. so while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in them. do you really need the rich people? wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds? no, it would not. startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. they tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. this helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. and the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention. 21. what do we learn about silicon valley from the passage? a、its success is hard to copy anywhere else. b、it is the biggest technology hub in the us. c、its fame in high technology is incomparable. d、it leads the world in information technology.
2、what makes miami unfit to produce a silicon valley? a、lack of incentive for investment. b、lack of the right kind of talents. c、lack of government support. d、lack of famous universities.
3、in what way is carnegie-mellon different from stanford, berkeley and mit? a、its location is not as attractive to rich people. b、its science departments are not nearly as good. c、it does not produce computer hackers and nerds. d、it does not pay much attention to business startups.
4、what does the author imply about boston? a、it has pleasant weather all year round. b、it produces wealth as well as high-tech. c、it is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds. d、it is an old city with many sites of historical interest.
5、what does the author say about startup investors? a、they are especially wise in making investments. b、they have good connections in the government. c、they can do more than providing money. d、they are rich enough to invest in nerds.
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval johnson's ________ is medieval european history.
7、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval on a ________ practical level, it is difficult to see how such proposals would work.
8、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval we tried to ________ him from climbing the mountain without a guide.
9、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval the fight for the leadership gave a fascinating insight into the group's ________.
10、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval the pregnant woman in such a community has the support of all the womenfolk in her ________ family.
11、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval julie's reading is improving in leaps and ________.
12、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval they had nothing to ________ them all day except two cups of coffee.
13、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval a company cannot be sold without the ________ of the shareholders.
14、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval i hope i shall never again have to ________ such an unpleasant experience.
15、invincible discourage purely undergo specialty extended dynamics bound sustain approval that football team was once reputed to be ________.
16、ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ college isn't the only place where information exists. you can learn in a library. but somebody handing you a book doesn't 11________ foster learning. you want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to 12________ your ability. it usually takes more than just a book. education should be 13________, although it's fine to have deep interests, too. in high school there were 14________ when i was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years i had wide-ranging academic interests. my parents encouraged this, and i'm 15________ that they did. although i 16________ a lot of different kinds of classes in college, i 17________ up for only one computer class the whole time. i read about all kinds of things. one parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son "lost himself in the hole of the computer." he got an a in website design, but other grades were 18________, she said. this boy is making a mistake. high school and college offer you the best 19________ to learn broadly—math, history, various sciences—and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group 20________. it's fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language, or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth. a. chance b. broad c. recruited d. attended e. frequently f. dynamics g. filling h. automatically i. sinking j. periods k. test l. signed m. genuinely n. grateful o. limited 11. _________
17、__________
18、__________
19、__________
20、_________
21、__________
22、___________
23、____________
24、___________
25、___________
translation
1、我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的角度来对待这件事。（from a professional standpoint）
2、这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍。 (break through; obstacle)
3、她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。(unless)
4、这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于其中。(lose oneself in)
5、在过去不管我什么时候到家，我父母总会等我。(no matter; wait up for)
unit 6 sports and health
passage a never give up随堂测验
1、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover the audience cheered and ____ enthusiastically as the curtain came down.
2、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover torrence expects to ______ her title successfully in the next olympics.
3、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover would you _____ your job if you inherited lots of money from your parents?
4、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover jack has spent years in the development and _____ of his wine-making techniques.
5、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover as an advanced journalist, she has ____ celebrities and political leaders on her radio program for over 25 years.
6、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover according to a _____ of 1 000 city residents, garbage collection is the city service people like most.
7、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover the reporter managed to get a(n) _____ interview with the prime minister.
8、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover we’ve had to build some cupboards to give us more ______ space.
9、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover i’ve always found ger“man cars very reliable,” he ____ in the newspaper column.
10、perfection storage clap observe exclusive defend survey interview quit cover a team of sports journalists was sent to germany to ____ the 2006 world cup.
passage b finding a balance随堂测验
1、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle no one can function properly if he is _______ of adequate sleep.
2、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle this is a ______ place — fresh air and plenty of sunshine!
3、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle according to many weight-loss books, diets are more effective when ____ with exercise.
4、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle there’s no point in trying to stop her — it’ll only make her more ______,
5、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle he doesn’t have a very healthy ___ — a lot of stress, very fatty food and no exercise.
6、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle she had to hold onto the railings (栏杆) to keep her ____ when learning to skate.
7、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle parents don’t always know what ___ to take when dealing with teenage children.
8、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle these doctors help you talk about your problems but they don’t give you any ___.
9、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle all the staff in the company seemed to look ___ and the atmosphere was not at all pleasant.
10、approach deserve determined combine solution miserable healthful balance deprive lifestyle she does such a good job that she _______ every penny she earns.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. "sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist adam smith once wrote," are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. " two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. with surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well. whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. a preliminary review of mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. by contrast, a danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare. the food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty. over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. for example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages. many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. more recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. for example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste. while reformulating recipes ( 配方) is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. the key is to remember that there is not just one solution. to deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches--including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes--will be needed. there is no silver bullet. 21. what did adam smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco? a、they were profitable to manufacture. b、they were in ever-increasing demand. c、they were subject to taxation almost everywhere. d、they were no longer considered necessities of life.
2、why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar? a、they are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets. b、they find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems. c、the practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable. d、the sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.
3、what do we learn about danish taxation on fat-rich foods? a、it did not work out as well as was expected. b、it gave rise to a lot of problems on the border. c、it could not succeed without german cooperation. d、it met with firm opposition from the food industry.
4、what is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty? a、replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients. b、setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products. c、investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs. d、adjusting the physical composition of their products.
5、what does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "there is no silver bullet" ( line 4, para.7)? a、there is no single easy quick solution to the problem. b、there is no hope of success without public cooperation. c、there is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem. d、there is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ observe exclusive defend interview cover balance combine approach deprive solution there is no simple ________ to this problem.
7、she took the wrong__________ in her dealing with them.
8、they were imprisoned and ____________ of their basic rights.
9、have you _________ any changes lately?
10、she __________ the cup on her knee.
11、politicians are skilled at ______________ themselves against their critics.
12、his mother has told 'the times' about his death in an ___________ interview.
13、we are still looking for someone who _________ all the necessary qualities.
14、much of the country is _________ by forest.
15、which post are you being ___________ for?
16、ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ after leaving the party, i thought about my past weight-loss efforts and 11________they didn’t work because they required me to 12_________foods i loved. then i would constantly think about food and binge, 13____________the diet altogether. if i took a common-sense 14____________and ate smaller portions of all foods, i would be able to satisfy my hunger and not feel 15__________. my biggest challenge was finding a way to fit my passion for cooking into my healthier 16_______. at first, i tried to stay away from the kitchen to 17__________myself from thinking about food. the result: food was all i thought about. there had to be some way to 18___________cooking with healthful eating. i found the 19_________ after reading several low-fat cookbooks. with some trial and error, i could 20__________ my favorite foods and make them low in fat, yet delicious. a) observe e) combine i) abandoning m) life b) lifestyle f) adopting j) give up n) approach c) solution g) prevent k) defend o) deprived d) quit h) realized l) modify
17、_______________
18、_______________
19、_______________
20、_______________
21、_______________
22、_______________
23、_______________
24、_______________
25、_______________
translation
1、那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot）
2、社会活动从未耽误她的学习。( in the way)
3、这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
4、我们的婚姻很幸福，但我们也曾经历过许多坎坷。(ups and downs)
5、目前我们没有职位空缺，但我们肯定会记住您的申请。(vacancy, keep in mind)
unit 7 family ties
passage a things i learned from dad随堂测验
1、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist you have to be a born __________ to be able to do this hard job and not despair.
2、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist economic ___________ in the country must begin with the recovering of agricultural production.
3、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist her speech failed to ___________ her colleagues into supporting the plan.
4、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist jack never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his __________.
5、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist i felt disgusted and wondered how i could ever have been so __________.
6、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist the director insisted that the conditions of the contract should be __________ exactly.
7、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist trade union representatives are chosen by __________; all the members have a vote.
8、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist the doctor who performed the __________ gave aikman an 85% chance of full recovery by september.
9、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist mother was a __________ of strength to us when our situation seemed hopeless.
10、election pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid optimist the students complained about the __________ rules and regulations at the school.
passage b love works a miracle随堂测验
1、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit it was raining but they played the game __________.
2、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit he took one sip of the wine and __________ it out, for it tasted a bit sour.
3、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit __________ to the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected.
4、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit as he is out of work these days, we should certainly visit him __________ to cheer him up.
5、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit their relationship was decidedly __________ after the argument.
6、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit if you do not go to school ___________, you will not learn your lessons properly.
7、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit anne felt helpless, only able to wipe her mother’s face and __________ her hands, praying for some relief for her.
8、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit we both kept __________ ourselves to prove that it wasn’t all a dream.
9、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit he __________ his car when he drove through the narrow gate.
10、pinch anyway crawl adjust chilly scrape regularly grip frequently spit don’t you worry if your baby seems a little reluctant to __________ or walk. sooner or later, she’ll pick it up.
self-assessment test
1、section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. "congratulations, mr. jones, it's a girl." fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. for other couples, pregnancy (怀孕) was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process. although numerous books have been written about american mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father. it is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. the mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine (生活规律) and highly innovative (创新的) adaptation, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. however, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household. 21. according to the author, being a father _____. a、brings a feeling of excitement to some men b、has a different meaning for those who have daughters c、makes some men feel proud and others uneasy d、means nothing but more responsibilities
2、it is stated in the passage that _____. a、some parents are not prepared to have a child b、young couples do not like children at all c、working couples do not have much time to take care of their children d、many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child
3、in the second paragraph, the author ______. a、criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children b、excuses the american writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father c、supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family d、complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father
4、the transition to the mother's role requires that the wife ______. a、change her life style in a highly innovative way b、make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation c、stay at home to take care of the baby d、help her husband in his resocialization process
5、some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _____. a、have to shoulder more burdens b、have to make more difficult adaptations c、have an easier job to do d、can usually do a better job
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ optimist pillar gross surgery reconstruction principle sway fulfill rigid election you have to be a born _______to be able to do this hard job and not despair.
7、economic _______in the country must begin with the recovering of agricultural production.
8、her speech failed to _____ her colleagues into supporting the plan.
9、jack never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his ______.
10、i felt disgusted and wondered how i could ever have been so______.
11、the director insisted that the conditions of the contract should be _____exactly.
12、trade union representatives are chosen by_______.all the members have a vote,
13、the doctor who performed _____gave aikman an 85% chance of full recovery by sepetember.
14、mother was a(n) ______ of strength to us when our situation seemed hopeless.
15、the studuents complained about the______rules and regulations at the school.
16、part ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ cindy realized she would have to find another way to get kyla out. she took a deep breath and let herself 11 ______ to the bottom of the pool. with her arm under kyla’s body and her fingertips gripping the 12 ______ of the pool, cindy used her head to push the child upward. she managed to 13 ______ kyla out of the water, but couldn’t get her 14______ the edge onto the concrete. when she tried, the little girl fell backward into the pool. desperately, cindy kept trying. finally, by 15 ______ her head straighter, she was able to 16 ______ kyla up and out of the water. then, 17 ______ herself up on her elbows at the edge of the pool, cindy reached out and turned kyla toward her. her daughter still wasn’t breathing. with fear 18 _____her heart, cindy pinched the child’s nose shut and began 19 _______ short breaths into her mouth. at first, there was no response. again and again cindy puffed breaths into kyla’s mouth. finally, kyla’s body 20______, and she began to cough and spit up water. then the little girl started to cry. “it was the greatest thing in the world to hear that scream,” cindy said. a. puffing b. lift c. propping d. lurched e. sink f. roll g. over h. across i. edge j. hold k. move l. change m. keeping n. panic o. griping 11. ___________
17、______________
18、______________
19、______________
20、______________
21、______________
22、______________
23、______________
24、______________
25、______________
translation
1、1.他们把房子卖了后就到加拿大和女儿住在一起。(go off)
2、他正在做一个新项目，年底前必须完成。(work on）
3、他既聪明又勤奋，不久就接管了杂志的编辑工作。(before long; editing)
4、你话还没说完别人就挂断电话，难道你不恼火吗？(don't you...? ; hang up)
5、让他们感到惊恐的是，他们的房顶着火了。(to one's horror)
unit 8 computers and security
passage a you are the weakest link, goodbye随堂测验
1、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document the reason i didn’t do well in my exams was that i just didn’t have _______ time to prepare.
2、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document it is _____ important that we get extra funding for the project.
3、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document ms. robbins was caught delivering a copy of a confidential ( 机密的) ________to a newspaper reporter.
4、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document the quick__________ of the virus caused great damage to the network system across the country.
5、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document traffic noise, pollution, huge concrete buildings — how can people survive in a(n)__________ area!
6、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document the firm has identified 60 _________customers at home and abroad.
7、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document i’ve had _________ problems with this car ever since i bought it!
8、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document a computer virus may hide in a computer’s memory, calling up and _______ each of the machine’s data files in turn.
9、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document he says he’ll stop supplies getting in, but it’s just an empty ________ because there are many other suppliers.
10、threat continual potential infect adequate vitally update distribution urban document a(n) ____ version of the software will be available within six months.
passage b a hacker story随堂测验
1、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging she ____ us with anecdotes that had happened in her school-days.
2、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging our tanks have _____ the enemy defenses.
3、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging thirst for speed and danger makes the game more______.
4、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging we in essence lost the true, honest _________ spirit that is essential for success in biotechnology.
5、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging the comedy is about three frustrated workers who _____ to kill their bosses.
6、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging he was sentenced to 50 weekends in jail and _____, according to his attorney.
7、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging rebels _____ money from local villagers, and now they face charges of kidnapping and extortion.
8、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging their withdrawal of the bid may prove to be a negotiating ___, one analyst said.
9、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging the treatment of diabetes (糖尿病) reached a significant ______ in the 1970s.
10、entrepreneurial regale conspiracy restitution captivating tactic extortion breach milestone lodging travel clubs promise to cut those costs by giving you huge deals on airfare, cruises, and ___.
self-assessment test
1、问题21 单选 (2分) section b directions: in this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice. as artificial intelligence (ai) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. this danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor stuart russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code. russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into ai language. for example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “you would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said russell. some robots are already programmed with basic human values. for example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do. it will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. they are dangerous only if programmers are careless. the biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）. one simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation. if the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. if we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else. the most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. but if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity. 21. what does the author say about the threat of robots? a、it may constitute a challenge to computer programmers. b、it accompanies all machinery involving high technology. c、it can be avoided if human values are translated into their language. d、it has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
2、what would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author? a、they are ill-bred. b、they are outgoing. c、they are ignorant. d、they are aggressive.
3、how do robots learn human values? a、by picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior. b、by following the daily routines of civilized human beings. c、by interacting with humans in everyday life situations. d、by imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.
4、what will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation? a、stop to seek advice from a human being. b、keep a distance from possible dangers. c、trigger its built-in alarm system at once. d、do sufficient testing before taking action.
5、what is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code? a、determine what is moral and ethical. b、design some large-scale experiments. c、set rules for man-machine interaction. d、develop a more sophisticated program.
6、part i vocabulary (25 minutes) directions: fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the form where necessary. 注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！ link adequate ironic update odd pitch guarantee infect swear spare by law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.
7、every camera we sell comes with a two-year _______.
8、fingerprints _______ the suspect to the crime.
9、he moves from place to place where he could find _______ jobs.
10、the data will need _______ from time to time.
11、surely you carry _______ wheel in the back of your car?
12、it’s _______ that the weakest student in mathematics was elected class treasurer.
13、the researchers said they do not know how this particular virus acquired the ability to _______ people.
14、the medical team _______ into action to save the wounded worker.
15、the witness _______ that she would tell the truth.
16、part ii reading comprehension (25 minutes) section a directions: in this part there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！ anti-virus software 11 _______most of the viruses your users are likely to encounter - often without the user even knowing. however, the software must be 12_______ regularly, preferably daily in any large company. even then, a very new virus can infect your users. with the rapid transmission of files through networks and the internet, a virus can spread a 13_______ distance before it can be identified and protected against. fortunately, only a few viruses ever do this but the likes of melissa and the love bug can 14 _______serious damage before their progress is stopped. whilst employees become suddenly aware during the ensuing media excitement, they soon forget about the virus threat as the stories disappear from the news headlines. this is the danger. complacency can set in when there is no 15_______ "action" on the virus front with no global crisis, and the importance of being 16_______ about viruses recedes in your users' minds. they forget what the big deal was in the first place - after all, the anti-virus software deals with the viruses, doesn't it? and isn't it the it department's job to look after this sort of thing? before you know it your users are opening 17_______ attachments once more, downloading 18 _______software, and putting your company's data and 19_______ at risk. all because the users think that they are working in a safe environment. employees see anti-virus software, firewalls and it departments as 20_______ that their computers will work and will be safe. of course, there aren't any guarantees. anti-virus software plays one, albeit important, part in the defense of your company from malicious attack but the security of your computer system is only as strong as the weakest link. and that, more often than not, is the human factor. a. pursuits b. updated c. unsupported d. download e. credibility f. detectsg. inflict h. perceived i. unsolicited j. guarantees k. authorizedl. considerable m. vigilant n. curseo. unauthorized 11. _______
17、12. ________
18、13. ________
19、14. ________
20、15. ________
21、16. ________
22、17. ________
23、18. ________
24、19. ________
25、20. ________
设备测试
1、putting in a new window will cutting away part of the roof. a、include b、involve c、contain d、comprise
2、he spoke less and less at the of the exam. a、near b、around c、approach d、approaching
3、since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different to it. a、approach b、appreciation c、application d、altitude
4、traveling the mind. a、widens b、broadens c、brand d、enlarge
5、they the southern part of the kingdom with ease. a、conquered b、vanquished c、overcome d、conquest
6、each college at oxford is independent of the university and is managed by its own head and fellows.
7、based on the tutors’ advice as well as their own interests, the students choose whichever lectures to attend.
8、for five years, oxford has been ranked in the six in the world in medicine, engineering, life sciences and the arts and humanities.
9、the joint “distance learning” venture by oxford, stanford and yale universities only provides online courses for science students.
10、in order to fulfill its aim, the university provides the faculty members with the facilities and supports them to pursue innovative research.
阅读理解设备测试
1、as regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known english class system. this is an embarrassing subject for english people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system is less rigid. but it still exists below the surface. broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. the middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. the most obvious difference between them is in their accent. middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of english spoken by bbc announcers and taught to overseas pupils. typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. one of the biggest barriers of social equality in england is the two-class education system. the middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. as we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. however, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives to an important businessman. servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. according to the passage, what does the middle class mainly refer to? a、people who were born as aristocrat. b、people who have the right to sit in the house of lords. c、people who speak in many different local accents. d、people who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions.
2、as regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known english class system. this is an embarrassing subject for english people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system is less rigid. but it still exists below the surface. broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. the middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. the most obvious difference between them is in their accent. middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of english spoken by bbc announcers and taught to overseas pupils. typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. one of the biggest barriers of social equality in england is the two-class education system. the middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. as we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. however, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives to an important businessman. servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in britain? a、because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment. b、because it can only be used in some certain occupations. c、because it is an impolite word. d、because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.
3、as regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known english class system. this is an embarrassing subject for english people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system is less rigid. but it still exists below the surface. broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. the middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. the most obvious difference between them is in their accent. middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of english spoken by bbc announcers and taught to overseas pupils. typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. one of the biggest barriers of social equality in england is the two-class education system. the middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. as we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. however, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives to an important businessman. servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. which of the following is true about the “working-class” in england today? a、the working classes tend to live a more formal life. b、they still use old words like “sir” in their everyday life. c、working-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation”. d、working-class incomes have grown very much recently.
4、as regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known english class system. this is an embarrassing subject for english people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system is less rigid. but it still exists below the surface. broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. the middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. the most obvious difference between them is in their accent. middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of english spoken by bbc announcers and taught to overseas pupils. typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. one of the biggest barriers of social equality in england is the two-class education system. the middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. as we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. however, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives to an important businessman. servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. which of the following is not true about the english class system? a、it is an embarrassing subject for english people. b、working-class students cannot receive a university education. c、the class system is much less rigid than it was. d、the class system still exists below the surface.
5、as regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known english class system. this is an embarrassing subject for english people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system is less rigid. but it still exists below the surface. broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. the middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. the most obvious difference between them is in their accent. middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of english spoken by bbc announcers and taught to overseas pupils. typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. one of the biggest barriers of social equality in england is the two-class education system. the middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. as we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. however, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives to an important businessman. servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. what is the best title for this passage? a、the working-class in england. b、the middle-class in england. c、the class system in england. d、the upper-class in england.
translation
1、我们需要在坏天气到来之前叫人把屋顶修一修。（set in）
2、这种疾病正在蔓延，所有儿童都有被传染的危险。（at risk）
3、信息通过电话线从一台电脑传到另一台电脑。（transmit）
4、正如数据显示，我们在短时间内已在这领域取得了巨大的成就。
5、事实证明，造成灾难的不是计算机故障，而是银行家。
大学英语二期末模拟考试
大学英语二期末模拟考试
1、for professional athletes, ______ to the olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books. a、access b、attachment c、appeal d、approach
2、within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to ______ with the local police. a、inquire b、consult c、register d、resolve
3、there is no ______ to the house from the main road. a、access b、avenue c、exposure d、edge
4、since we have not resolved this problem so far, we need to adopt a different ______ to it. a、altitude b、appreciation c、application d、approach
5、by moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can ______ the surroundings. a、explore b、expose c、exploit d、expand
6、questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. that people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. if a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. yuka sasaki and her colleagues at brown university set out to investigate the origins of this effect. dr. sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. the puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. she also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. to take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of psychological sciences. the participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. dr. sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. during deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. on the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, dr. sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. she worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. this is precisely what she found. 11. what did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? a、to what extent it can trouble people. b、what role it has played in evolution. c、what circumstances may trigger it. d、in what way it can be beneficial.
7、questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. that people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. if a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. yuka sasaki and her colleagues at brown university set out to investigate the origins of this effect. dr. sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. the puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. she also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. to take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of psychological sciences. the participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. dr. sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. during deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. on the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, dr. sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. she worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. this is precisely what she found. 12. what do we learn about dr. yuka sasaki doing her research? a、she found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. b、she found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. c、she got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins. d、she conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
8、questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. that people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. if a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. yuka sasaki and her colleagues at brown university set out to investigate the origins of this effect. dr. sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. the puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. she also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. to take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of psychological sciences. the participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. dr. sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. during deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. on the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, dr. sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. she worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. this is precisely what she found. 13. what did dr. sasaki do when she first did her experiment? a、she monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. b、she recruited 35 participants from her department of psychological sciences. c、she studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. d、she tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
9、questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. that people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. if a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. yuka sasaki and her colleagues at brown university set out to investigate the origins of this effect. dr. sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. the puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. she also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. to take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of psychological sciences. the participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. dr. sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. during deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. on the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, dr. sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. she worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. this is precisely what she found. 14. what did dr. sasaki do when re-running her experiment? a、she analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. b、she recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. c、she exposed her participants to two different stimuli. d、she compared the responses of different participants.
10、questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. that people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. if a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. yuka sasaki and her colleagues at brown university set out to investigate the origins of this effect. dr. sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. the puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. she also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. to take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s department of psychological sciences. the participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. dr. sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. during deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. on the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, dr. sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. she worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. this is precisely what she found. 15. what did dr. sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? a、they tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. b、they tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. c、they felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. d、they differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
11、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. it’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. it will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. this may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. it’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. one reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “yes, i can.” women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career. at the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. for example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. this difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely — including staff expertise. shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 16. what does the author say is the problem with women? a、they are often unclear about the career goals to reach. b、they are usually more committed at home than on the job. c、they tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. d、they tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
12、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. it’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. it will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. this may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. it’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. one reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “yes, i can.” women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career. at the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. for example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. this difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely — including staff expertise. shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 17. why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy? a、they struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. b、they are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. c、they do their best to cooperate with their workmates. d、they are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
13、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. it’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. it will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. this may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. it’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. one reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “yes, i can.” women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career. at the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. for example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. this difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely — including staff expertise. shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 18. what may hinder the future prospects of career women? a、their unwillingness to say “no”. b、their desire to be considered powerful. c、an underestimate of their own ability. d、a lack of courage to face challenges.
14、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. it’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. it will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. this may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. it’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. one reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “yes, i can.” women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career. at the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. for example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. this difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely — including staff expertise. shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 19. men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. a、women tend to be easily satisfied b、men are generally more persuasive c、men tend to put their personal interests first d、women are much more ready to compromise
15、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. it’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. it will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. this may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. it’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. one reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “yes, i can.” women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career. at the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. for example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. this difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely — including staff expertise. shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 20. what is important to a good leader? a、a dominant personality. b、the ability to delegate. c、the courage to admit failure. d、a strong sense of responsibility.
16、each college at oxford is independent of the university and is managed by its own head and fellows. (unit 1 passage a)
17、based on the tutors’ advice as well as their own interests, the students choose whichever lectures to attend. (unit 1 passage a)
18、for five years, oxford has been ranked in the six in the world in medicine, engineering, life sciences and the arts and humanities. (unit 1 passage a)
19、the joint “distance learning” venture by oxford, stanford and yale universities only provides online courses for science students. (unit 1 passage a)
20、in order to fulfill its aim, the university provides the faculty members with the facilities and supports them to pursue innovative research. (unit 1 passage a)
大学英语二期末考试（上）
大学英语二期末（上）
1、as college students, we should avoid _____ language. a、rigid b、graceful c、grave d、gross
2、the mayor_______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims. a、rewarded b、awarded c、credited d、prized
3、there a canal was being built to ______ commerce between these two cities. a、facilitate b、transmit c、accommodate d、achieve
4、plenty of fresh air __________to good health. a、refers b、contributes c、applies d、leads
5、he __________the kitchen into a beautiful sitting room. a、contributed b、transformed c、transferred d、transmitted
6、free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in china. a、favorite b、available c、convenient d、average
7、______ from the top of the building, the campus is very beautiful. a、seen b、see c、seeing d、to see
8、the professor did ________ research before writing the article． a、excited b、exhaustive c、exhibited d、executed
9、carelessness made him fall in his job _______. a、interview b、intention c、maching d、stocking
10、i didn’t have the ______ idea of what she was talking about in the conference. a、slightest b、smallest c、lest d、lightest
11、most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a . a、scarcity b、minority c、minimum d、shortage
12、although i liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ______ through the windows. a、version b、look c、picture d、view
13、as her private secretary he has to all her correspondence. a、entry b、refer c、access d、intrigue
14、she some old photographs in a drawer. a、came across b、came by c、came in d、came through
15、people have the rights of and expression. a、brokerage b、discipline c、assembly d、patriotism
16、we are interested in the weather because it ____________ us to directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. a、affects b、benefits c、guides d、effects
17、the government has a policy of ____________ the public awareness of the dangers in smoking. a、fostering b、discovering c、hindering d、finding
18、the old couple decided to ______ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. a、adapt b、bring c、receive d、adopt
19、although not an economist himself, dr. smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s _________ policies. a、economical b、economy c、economic d、economics
20、the new driver finally managed to ______ the car through the garage entrance. a、rear b、steer c、roll d、scoop
21、he _________ to hit me if i didn’t do as he said. a、pretended b、thought c、threatened d、preserved
22、at that time, she was just a(an) ______. no one paid attention to her. a、someone b、nobody c、anybody d、anyone
23、the smoke from the stove almost me. a、covered b、chalked c、cheesed d、choked
24、she is such a mean girl. she is always asking some questions. a、loaded b、unload c、load d、loading
25、things to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. a、turned to b、turned out c、turned off d、turned down
26、he doesn’t seem to be of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal. a、capable b、concerned c、impressed d、aware
27、he was _______ of his political rights because of the bribery. a、deprived b、acquired c、acquainted d、accused
28、linda and hundreds of young people like her _____ the post of typist. a、approached b、applied for c、appealed to d、approved of
29、the results of the election are an accurate ____ of the public mood. a、affection b、interaction c、composition d、reflection
30、all the tasks _________ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week. a、had been fulfilled b、were fulfilled c、having been fulfilled d、being fulfilled
31、they agree to the plan in ______. a、principal b、principle c、private d、turn
32、jack is a born genius, who is bound to become a ______ of the state. a、pillow b、pillar c、column d、optimist
33、it’s hard for a single mother to ______ two children. a、bring out b、bring in c、bring up d、bring forward
34、he _____himself very quickly ______ the heat of the country. a、adjusted…to b、changed…to c、adapted…in d、used…to
35、the little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn’t _____ her grip on my arm. a、loosen b、remove c、relieve d、dismiss
36、she ______ my arm hard, and it still hurts. a、parked b、preached c、painted d、pinched
37、we came to his ______ and pulled him out of the river. a、rescue b、reserve c、crash d、splash
38、i ______ the exam at this time tomorrow. a、will have taken b、would take c、will take d、will be taking
39、________ the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday. a、in spite b、owing to c、in case of d、despite
40、the reporter managed to get an interview with the prime minister. a、exclusive b、inclusive c、excessive d、aggressive
41、by “education counts”, gates means that education is important to everyone. (unit 5 passage a)
42、paul wylie had no idea the applause was for him when stepping off the plane because he didn’t think it was a big deal to win a silver medal. (unit 6 passage a)
43、from the passage we know that gates dropped out of college because he didn’t do well. (unit 5 passage a)
44、people used to be quite disappointed with paul wylie because he had performed very unimpressively in sports competitions like the world championship. (unit 6 passage a)
45、gates tells us that it is easier to get a job with a college diploma than without one. (unit 5 passage a)
46、the reporters’ question “what are you doing here” implies that they thought wylie should quit as he never seemed capable of winning. (unit 6 passage a)
47、according to gates, one learns better by self-study in most of the cases. (unit 5 passage a)
48、although he had experienced very hard times, paul had never thought of giving up and retiring. (unit 6 passage a)
49、gates tells us that education should be broad, although it's fine to have deep interests. (unit 5 passage a )
50、after the 1992 olympics, paul retired and became an actor. (unit 6 passage a)
51、lobo’s mother suffered from heart disease, but she survived it. (unit 7 passage a)
52、although lobo's father was worried, he was a pillar of strength for the whole family. (unit 7 passage a)
53、by saying “if you pour water on flowers, they flourish”, branson’s father means criticizing a child helps him / her to make progress. (unit 7 passage a )
54、branson’s father was a successful lawyer.(unit 7 passage a)
55、lewis tells us that he grew up in an environment with very serious racial discrimination in us. (unit 7 passage a)
56、according to lewis, when he was young, black people could only walk on one side of the street. (unit 7 passage a)
57、college is the only place where information exists. (unit 5 passage a)
58、paul says,"what makes a true hero is selfless service." (unit 6 passage a)
59、at 23, rechard branson started a magazine and developed into a national magazine for old people in the us. （unit 7 passage a)
60、it wasn't until paul stepped off the plane that he realized people considered him a hero. (unit 6 passage a)
大学英语二期末考试（下）
大学英语二期末考试（下）
1、the impact of social media on families has been researched to see what negative and positive effects are happening. ______are increasingly concerned that technology is breaking down family communication. a、physicists b、psychologists c、setting d、peers
2、the impact of social media is a powerful one. most often technology can bring forth ______interaction, or zero interaction between siblings, couples, or parent-child. a、positive b、compete c、quality d、negative
3、it starves the family of learning and modeling with each other social cues, _______ relationship skills, communication skills, and bonding. a、negative b、positive c、interpersonal d、bonding
4、as humans, we are social by nature and crave bonding within relationships. we may feel that we are connected through social media, but it ______us of our ability to hear and see verbal and nonverbal messages. a、strips b、competes c、enables d、combines
5、researchers are finding that individuals communicate more often with family and friends due to technology, but the style and type of communication is ______weaker. a、negative b、bonding c、potentially d、positive
6、studies are also finding that kids who spend more time using technology and are in front of a screen, have more difficulty than ______understanding emotion, developing relationships, and may be more dependent on others. a、physicists b、psychologists c、quality d、peers
7、man uses social media. in conclusion, what is the balance? it is important for interpersonal connection with families. kids want to be hugged, listened too, and spend ______time with family members. a、quality b、positive c、negative d、react
8、kids don’t want to be texted or feel they have to ______with their parents against screen time. a、react b、compete c、interact d、combine
9、working to increase quality family time without technology is important. ______aside family time, such as family meals, game nights, quality time of talking about each other’s day that is free of phones, tv, and computers. a、setting b、bonding c、combining d、reacting
10、learning to ______with each other face-to-face and modeling healthy communication and interpersonal relationships. a、combine b、compete c、react d、interact
11、questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. if you were to examine the birth certificate of each soccer player in 2006 11’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a strange thing: excellent soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. similarly, if you examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more noticeable. what might explain this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological (占星术的) signs bring superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer staying power; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer craze; d) none of the above. anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. about 30 years ago, he conducted his first experiment on memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” this experiment and his later research indicated that memory itself is not determined by genes. although people may exhibit inborn differences in their abilities to memorize, those differences are less important than how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as intentional practice. intentional practice doesn’t mean simply repeating a task. it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on result. ericsson and his colleagues have studied different expert performers from various professions, including soccer. they found that expert performers are nearly always made, not born. 11. what strange phenomenon happens to the excellent soccer players? a、they are more likely to be born in the middle-class families. b、they are more likely to be born in the later months of the year. c、they are more likely to be born in the earlier months of the year. d、they are more likely to receive better education.
12、if you were to examine the birth certificate of each soccer player in 2006 11’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a strange thing: excellent soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. similarly, if you examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more noticeable. what might explain this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological (占星术的) signs bring superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer staying power; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer craze; d) none of the above. anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. about 30 years ago, he conducted his first experiment on memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” this experiment and his later research indicated that memory itself is not determined by genes. although people may exhibit inborn differences in their abilities to memorize, those differences are less important than how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as intentional practice. intentional practice doesn’t mean simply repeating a task. it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on result. ericsson and his colleagues have studied different expert performers from various professions, including soccer. they found that expert performers are nearly always made, not born. 12. according to anders ericsson, what is the reason for the strange phenomenon? a、certain astrological signs bring superior soccer skills to them. b、soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime. c、winter-born babies have advantages in their bodies. d、none of the above.
13、if you were to examine the birth certificate of each soccer player in 2006 11’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a strange thing: excellent soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. similarly, if you examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more noticeable. what might explain this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological (占星术的) signs bring superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer staying power; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer craze; d) none of the above. anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. about 30 years ago, he conducted his first experiment on memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” this experiment and his later research indicated that memory itself is not determined by genes. although people may exhibit inborn differences in their abilities to memorize, those differences are less important than how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as intentional practice. intentional practice doesn’t mean simply repeating a task. it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on result. ericsson and his colleagues have studied different expert performers from various professions, including soccer. they found that expert performers are nearly always made, not born. 13. what did ericsson study before he switched to psychology? a、chemical engineering. b、nuclear engineering. c、electrical engineering. d、computer science.
14、if you were to examine the birth certificate of each soccer player in 200611’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a strange thing: excellent soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. similarly, if you examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more noticeable. what might explain this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological (占星术的) signs bring superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer staying power; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer craze; d) none of the above. anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. about 30 years ago, he conducted his first experiment on memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” this experiment and his later research indicated that memory itself is not determined by genes. although people may exhibit inborn differences in their abilities to memorize, those differences are less important than how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as intentional practice. intentional practice doesn’t mean simply repeating a task. it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on result. ericsson and his colleagues have studied different expert performers from various professions, including soccer. they found that expert performers are nearly always made, not born. 14. what does the underlined word “subject” (para. 3, line 5) mean in chinese? a、受试者 b、主题 c、科目 d、主语
15、if you were to examine the birth certificate of each soccer player in 200611’s world cup tournament, you would most likely find a strange thing: excellent soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. similarly, if you examined the european national youth teams that feed the world cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more noticeable. what might explain this strange phenomenon? here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological (占星术的) signs bring superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer staying power; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer craze; d) none of the above. anders ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at florida state university, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” ericsson grew up in sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. about 30 years ago, he conducted his first experiment on memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “with the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” ericsson recalls. “he kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” this experiment and his later research indicated that memory itself is not determined by genes. although people may exhibit inborn differences in their abilities to memorize, those differences are less important than how well each person “encodes” the information. and the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, ericsson determined, was a process known as intentional practice. intentional practice doesn’t mean simply repeating a task. it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on result. ericsson and his colleagues have studied different expert performers from various professions, including soccer. they found that expert performers are nearly always made, not born. 15. what is the main idea of the passage? a、excellent soccer players are more likely to be born in the earlier months of the year. b、good memory is not determined by genes. c、people have inborn differences in their abilities to memorize. d、talents are nearly always nurtured, not born.
16、questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. but doctors in the united states now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development is a federal government agency. the institute says babies are strongly influenced by their environment. it says a baby will smile if his or her mother does something the baby likes. a baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. this is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people. the researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. they say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. recently, an american study of 112 babies found they learned better when they were sitting up, not lying down. the babies appeared to learn better whether they were sitting up on their own, sitting in seats or helped to sit up. one organizer of the study says babies can pay more attention to exploring an object if they do not have to worry about balancing themselves. a report on the study appeared in the journal developmental psychology. underweight babies born with a shortage of the mineral iron may develop problems with thinking and behavior. studies have shown that adding iron to the babies’ food prevents developmental problems in more than one-third of those born with an iron deficiency. experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. this is the time when the brain is developing. language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people. america’s national institutes of health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language. 16. according to the doctors in the us, when do babies begin learning? a、when they are five months old. b、when they are six months old. c、on their first day of life. d、when they are 12 months old.
17、not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. but doctors in the united states now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development is a federal government agency. the institute says babies are strongly influenced by their environment. it says a baby will smile if his or her mother does something the baby likes. a baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. this is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people. the researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. they say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. recently, an american study of 112 babies found they learned better when they were sitting up, not lying down. the babies appeared to learn better whether they were sitting up on their own, sitting in seats or helped to sit up. one organizer of the study says babies can pay more attention to exploring an object if they do not have to worry about balancing themselves. a report on the study appeared in the journal developmental psychology. underweight babies born with a shortage of the mineral iron may develop problems with thinking and behavior. studies have shown that adding iron to the babies’ food prevents developmental problems in more than one-third of those born with an iron deficiency. experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. this is the time when the brain is developing. language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people. america’s national institutes of health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language. 17. how can a baby learn to get the best care? a、by smiling to to please the caregiver. b、by crying to attract caregiver’s attention. c、by dancing to please the caregiver. d、by using body language to tell the caregiver.
18、not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. but doctors in the united states now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development is a federal government agency. the institute says babies are strongly influenced by their environment. it says a baby will smile if his or her mother does something the baby likes. a baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. this is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people. the researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. they say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. recently, an american study of 112 babies found they learned better when they were sitting up, not lying down. the babies appeared to learn better whether they were sitting up on their own, sitting in seats or helped to sit up. one organizer of the study says babies can pay more attention to exploring an object if they do not have to worry about balancing themselves. a report on the study appeared in the journal developmental psychology. underweight babies born with a shortage of the mineral iron may develop problems with thinking and behavior. studies have shown that adding iron to the babies’ food prevents developmental problems in more than one-third of those born with an iron deficiency. experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. this is the time when the brain is developing. language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people. america’s national institutes of health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language. 18. which of the following position is good for babies’ learning? a、sitting up on their own. b、sitting in seats. c、being helped to sit up. d、all of the above.
19、not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. but doctors in the united states now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development is a federal government agency. the institute says babies are strongly influenced by their environment. it says a baby will smile if his or her mother does something the baby likes. a baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. this is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people. the researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. they say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. recently, an american study of 112 babies found they learned better when they were sitting up, not lying down. the babies appeared to learn better whether they were sitting up on their own, sitting in seats or helped to sit up. one organizer of the study says babies can pay more attention to exploring an object if they do not have to worry about balancing themselves. a report on the study appeared in the journal developmental psychology. underweight babies born with a shortage of the mineral iron may develop problems with thinking and behavior. studies have shown that adding iron to the babies’ food prevents developmental problems in more than one-third of those born with an iron deficiency. experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. this is the time when the brain is developing. language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people. america’s national institutes of health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language. 19. what will happen if babies are born with an iron deficiency? a、they may suffer many diseases. b、they may develop problems with thinking and behavior. c、they may be less intelligent. d、they may grow quite slowly.
20、not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. but doctors in the united states now say babies begin learning on their first day of life. the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development is a federal government agency. the institute says babies are strongly influenced by their environment. it says a baby will smile if his or her mother does something the baby likes. a baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. this is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people. the researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. they say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers. recently, an american study of 112 babies found they learned better when they were sitting up, not lying down. the babies appeared to learn better whether they were sitting up on their own, sitting in seats or helped to sit up. one organizer of the study says babies can pay more attention to exploring an object if they do not have to worry about balancing themselves. a report on the study appeared in the journal developmental psychology. underweight babies born with a shortage of the mineral iron may develop problems with thinking and behavior. studies have shown that adding iron to the babies’ food prevents developmental problems in more than one-third of those born with an iron deficiency. experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. this is the time when the brain is developing. language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people. america’s national institutes of health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language. 20. which of the following statements is not true? a、there are important periods of speech and language development in children. b、newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard before. c、babies are strongly influenced by their environment. d、babies are not able to learn things until they are five or six months old.