绪论（1学时） introduction (1 credit hour)第0章单元测验1、
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第二篇 热学 ch4 气体动理论 (second heat ch4 kinetic theory of gas)§4.3 麦克斯韦速率分布（2学时） (§ 4.3 maxwell rate distribution (2 credit hours))随堂测验1、由麦克斯韦速率分而函数得到最可几速率、平均速率、方均根速率进行比较 according to maxwell's rate division and function, the best rate, average rate and square root rate are obtained and compared
a、方均根速率 > 平均速率 > 最可几速率； mean square root rate > average rate > maximum probability rate;
b、方均根速率 < 平均速率 < 最可几速率； mean square root rate < average rate < maximum probability rate;
c、方均根速率 > 最可几速率 > 平均速率； mean square root rate > maximum probability rate > average rate;
d、平均速率 > 最可几速率 > 方均根速率； average rate > maximum probability rate > mean square root rate;
2、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、从微观意义上来说，压强是分子碰撞器壁产生的平均效果； in a microscopic sense, the pressure is the average effect of the wall of the molecular collider;
b、真实气体有的是理想气体； real gases are ideal gases;
c、对于理想气体来说，分子与分子存在相互作用力除了碰撞以外； for an ideal gas, there's an interaction between the molecules except for the collision;
d、对于理想气体来说，分子与分子之间的碰撞是非弹性碰撞； for an ideal gas, collisions between molecules are inelastic collisions;
§4.5 能量按自由度均分（0.5学时） (§4.5 energy is divided equally according to degrees of freedom (0.5 credit hours))随堂测验1、1. 下列哪个是正确的？ which of the following is true?
a、一个甲烷分子(ch4)有5个自由度；一个水分子(h2o)有3个自由度； a methane molecule (ch4) has 5 degrees of freedom. a water molecule (h2o) has 3 degrees of freedom;
b、一个甲烷分子(ch4)有6个自由度；一个水分子(h2o)有6个自由度； a methane molecule (ch4) has 6 degrees of freedom. a water molecule (h2o) has 6 degrees of freedom;
c、一个氦(he)有2个自由度；一个氧气分子(o2)有3个自由度； a helium (he) molecule has 2 degrees of freedom; a oxygen molecule (o2) has three degrees of freedom;
d、一个氦(he)有2个自由度；一个氧气分子(o2)有5个自由度； a helium (he) molecule has 2 degrees of freedom; a oxygen molecule (o2) has five degrees of freedom;
2、2. 下列哪项是正确的？ which of the following is true?
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气体动理论单元测验 (gas dynamic theory unit test)1、一瓶氦气和一瓶氮气粒子数密度相同，分子平均平动动能相同，而且它们都处于平衡状态，则它们___ a bottle of helium and a bottle of nitrogen have the same particle density, the same average translational kinetic energy, and they are in equilibrium, so they have __
a、温度相同、压强相同； the same temperature, the same pressure;
b、温度、压强都不相同； different temperature, different pressure;
c、温度相同，但氦气的压强大于氮气的压强； the pressure of helium is greater than that of nitrogen at the same temperature;
d、温度相同，但氦气的压强小于氮气的压强； the same temperature, but the pressure of helium is less than the pressure of nitrogen.
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气体动理论单元作业 (gas dynamic theory unit assignment)1、
2、 there is 2.66kg oxygen in the container and the average translational kinetic energy of its gas molecules is known to sum to 4.14×105 j. try for: (1) average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules; (2) gas temperature.
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第二篇 热学 ch5 热力学基础 (second heat ch5 thermodynamic basis)热力学基础单元测验 (basic of thermodynamics unit test)1、
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a、在1→2、3→1过程吸热，在2→3过程放热；
b、在2→3过程吸热，在1→2、3→1过程放热；
c、在1→2过程吸热，在2→3、3→1过程放热；
d、在2→3、3→1过程吸热，在1→2过程放热；
3、在热力学中，“作功”和“传递热量”有着本质的区别，“作功”是通过 来完成的；“传递热量”是通过 来完成的。
4、热力学第二定律的开尔文表述和克劳修斯表述是等价的，表明在自然界中与热现象有关的实际宏观过程都是不可逆的。开尔文表述指出了 的过程是不可逆的，而克劳修斯表述则指出了 的过程是不可逆的。
热力学基础单元作业 (basic in thermodynamics unit assignment)1、
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第四篇 振动与波 ch9 简谐振动 (fourth vibration and wave ch9 simple harmonic vibration)简谐振动单元测验 (simple harmonic vibration unit test)1、
a、2.62s
b、2.20s
c、2.40s
d、2.00s
2、
a、0.99m
b、0.25m
c、0.78m
d、0.5m
简谐振动单元作业 (simple harmonic vibration unit assignment)1、
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第四篇 振动与波 ch10 机械波 (fourth vibration and wave ch10 mechanical wave)机械波单元测验 (mechanical wave unit test)1、
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大学物理（下）期中考试卷(college physics ii mid-term exam)大学物理（下）期中考试卷1、摄氏29℃等于多少k？ what is the value of k at 29℃?
a、302
b、303
c、304
d、305
2、理想气体是什么情况下的一种抽象？ under what conditions is an ideal gas an abstraction?
a、不计分子的尺寸； regardless of molecular size;
b、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞；irrespective of the size of the molecules and the collisions between the molecules;
c、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞除了碰撞以外，分子与分子之间的碰撞、分子与器壁之间的碰撞是弹性碰撞；not counting the size of molecules, not counting the collisions between molecules except the collisions between molecules, the collisions between molecules and the walls of the vessel are elastic collisions;
d、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞除了碰撞以外，分子与分子之间的碰撞是弹性碰撞；not counting the size of the molecules, not counting the collisions between molecules except for the collisions, the collisions between molecules are elastic collisions;
3、理想气体的压强公式是_____ . the pressure formula for an ideal gas is ____.
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4、从微观来说，理想气体压强就是分子碰撞容器壁产生的平均效果，那么分子与器壁的碰撞是___ from the microscopic point of view, the ideal gas pressure is the average effect produced by the collision of molecules against the vessel wall, so the collision between molecules and the vessel wall is ___
a、弹性碰撞； elastic collision;
b、一般非弹性碰撞； general inelastic collisions;
c、完全非弹性碰撞； completely inelastic collision;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
5、伽顿板实验演示了正态分布规律，它们是___ gatton-plate experiment demonstrates the normal distribution. they are___
a、两头小，中间大； small at the ends, large in the middle;
b、两头大，中间小； the ends are large, the middle is small;
c、两头、中间小； small at both ends and in the middle;
d、两头、中间大； big at both ends and in the middle;
6、x 方向上平均速度为零，是____ . the average velocity in the x direction is ____.
a、统计平均； statistical average;
b、各向同性； isotropy;
c、统计平均、各向同性； statistical average and isotropy;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
7、
a、1/2
b、1/3
c、1/4
d、1/5
8、在理想气体模型中假定除以碰撞以外，分子之间没有相互作用力，是因为___ the ideal gas model assumes that there is no force between the molecules apart from the collision because of ___
a、气体分子比较大； gas molecules are large;
b、气体分子间的距离很远； gas molecules are very far apart;
c、气体分子间的距离很近； gas molecules are very close to each other;
d、气体分子比较小，气体分子间的距离很近； the gas molecules are small and close to each other;
9、理想气体压强公式，下列哪个正确？ the ideal gas pressure formula, which of the following is true?
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b、
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10、
a、3
b、2
c、1
d、0
11、气桌实验为什么能将大浮子、小浮子浮起来演示弹性碰撞？ why can the air table experiment float large, small float floating up to demonstrate elastic collision?
a、因为有镜子可以反射； because there are mirrors to reflect;
b、因为气桌上有许许多多小孔可以喷气； for there are many little holes in the air table to blow through;
c、因为气桌上有许许多多小孔可以吸气； because there are so many holes in the air table to breathe in;
d、因为手将大浮子、小浮子浮起来； for the hand floats the big float, the little float;
12、关于伽顿板实验，下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true about the gadon-plate experiment?
a、一个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； a particle enters the experiment and falls into the slot with statistical regularity;
b、两个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； two particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
c、十个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； ten particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
d、十万个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； one hundred thousand particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
13、
a、为了好看，用一个狭槽也行； for good looks, a slot will do;
b、为了准直，沿着轴线方向运动的分子才能通过； in order to be collimated, molecules moving along the axis can pass through;
c、两个狭槽开口方向不同也行； two slots open in different directions;
d、一个都不对； none of them;
14、麦克斯韦速率分布曲线是___ maxwell's rate distribution is___
a、两头小中间大的对称分布曲线； symmetrical distribution curve with small at both ends and large at the middle;
b、两头小中间大的不对称分布曲线； an asymmetrical distribution curve with small at both ends and large at the middle;
c、两头大中间小的对称分布曲线； symmetrical distribution curve with large ends and small middle;
d、两头大中间小的不对称分布曲线； an asymmetrical distribution curve with large at both ends and small in the middle;
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16、最可几速率是___ the rate of maximum probability is ___
a、0
b、无穷大； infinity;
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a、2.828
b、1.414
c、2
d、3
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a、1.732
b、1.414
c、2
d、3
19、温度的微观本质是什么？ what is the microscopic nature of temperature?
a、分子热，则温度高； if the molecule is hot, the temperature is high;
b、气体分子运动剧烈程度的标志； a marker of the intensity of movement of a gas molecule;
c、分子冷，则温度低； if the molecules are cold, the temperature is low;
d、分子运动得快，则温度高； if the molecules are moving fast, the temperature is high;
20、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、
b、
c、
d、都不对；all wrong;
21、1个氧分子有几个自由度？ how many degrees of freedom does an oxygen molecule have?
a、1
b、2
c、3
d、5
22、下列哪种说法正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、气体动理论是从微观的角度研究热学问题，热力学是宏观角度研究热力学问题； the kinetic theory of gas studies the thermal problems from the microscopic point of view, and thermodynamics from the macroscopic point of view;
b、气体动理论是从宏观的角度研究热学问题，热力学是微观角度研究热力学问题； the kinetic theory of gas studies the thermal problem from the macroscopic point of view, and thermodynamics from the microscopic point of view;
c、人们的认识过程是从理论到实践，再到理论的过程； the process of people's cognition is from theory to practice and then to theory;
d、一个都不对； none of them;
23、1个大气压等于___ . one atmosphere is equal to___ .
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25、1845年焦耳完成了气体做自由膨胀的过程，下列哪种说法是正确的？ in 1845 joule completed the process of free expansion of gases, which of the following statements is true?
a、体积增大，压强增大，温度升高； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature goes up;
b、体积增大，压强增大，温度降低； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature goes down;
c、体积增大，压强增大，温度不变； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature stays the same;
d、体积增大，压强减小，温度不变； the volume goes up, the pressure goes down, the temperature stays the same;
26、
a、牛顿；newton;
b、米平方；meters square;
c、焦耳；joule;
d、瓦特；watt;
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30、绝热过程的特征方程为___ . the characteristic equation for the adiabatic process is___ .
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32、对于等压过程，下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true for isobaric processes?
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33、对于理想的双原子分子来说，有___ . for an ideal diatomic molecule, it is ___ .
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34、关于正循环与逆循环，下列说法正确的是___. this statement is correct for both positive and reverse cycles_____.
a、正循环对应的是冷机，逆循环对应的是热机； the positive cycle corresponds to the cooling machine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the heat engine;
b、正循环对应的是热机，逆循环对应的是冷机； the positive cycle corresponds to the heat engine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the cooling machine;
c、正循环对应的是冰箱，逆循环对应的是空调； the positive cycle corresponds to the refrigerator, the reverse cycle corresponds to the air conditioning;
d、正循环对应的是内燃机，逆循环对应的是汽油机； the positive cycle corresponds to the internal combustion engine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the gasoline engine;
35、奥托循环是由哪几个过程构成的？ what are the processes that make up the otto cycle?
a、两个等温过程，两个绝热过程； two isothermal processes, two adiabatic processes;
b、两个等压过程，两个绝热过程； two isobaric processes, two adiabatic processes;
c、两个等容过程，两个绝热过程； two constant volume processes, two adiabatic processes;
d、两个等温过程，两个等容过程； two isothermal processes, two isothermal processes;
36、在制冷机中十分重要的是节流过程，下列关于节流过程哪种是正确的？ throttling is very important in a refrigerator. which of the following is correct about throttling?
a、氟里昂从大管子流向小管子； freon flows from the big pipe to the small pipe;
b、氟里昂从小管子流向大管子； freon flows from the smaller pipe to the larger pipe;
c、氟里昂从冷管子流向热管子； freon flows from cold pipe to hot pipe;
d、氟里昂不流动； freon does not flow;
37、利用逆向斯特林循环进行计算，从零下77℃的冷库中抓走100j热量，该冷机需要消耗电功多少？ using the reverse sterling cycle to calculate, from minus 77℃ in the cold storage captured 100j of heat, the cooling machine needs to consume much electrical work?
a、531j
b、53.1j
c、5.31j
d、0.531j
38、热力学第二定律，开尔文的说法是___ the second law of thermodynamics, according to kelvin, is this____
a、理想的热机是造得出来的，从单一热源吸热使之全部做功，这样的热机造得出来的； the ideal engine can be made by absorbing heat from a single heat source and doing all the work;
b、理想的热机是造不出来的，从单一热源吸热使之全部做功，而不引起其他的变化，这样的热机造不出来的； the ideal heat engine is made not to come out, make it all work is done from a single heat source, absorption of heat, without causing other changes, such as engine which cannot be made;
c、理想的冷机是造不出来的，热量自动地从高温物体传向低温物体，这样的冷机造不出来的； the ideal cold machine is not built, the heat automatically from the high temperature object to the low temperature object, such a cold machine can not be built;
d、理想的冷机是造得出来的，热量自动地从低温物体传向高温物体，这样的冷机造得出来的； an ideal cooler is one that automatically transfers heat from a cold object to a hot object;
39、关于可逆过程，下列说法哪种是正确的？ which of the following statements is true about reversible processes?
a、每一步都可以沿着相反方向进行，同时不引起外界的任何变化； each step can proceed in the opposite direction without causing any change in the outside world;
b、只要可以沿着相反方向进行； as long as you can go in the opposite direction;
c、只要不引起外界的任何变化； as long as it does not cause any change in the outside world;
d、都不正确； all not true;
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56、振动三要素中的圆频率与频率有什么关系？ what is the relation between the circular frequency and frequency in the three elements of vibration?
a、圆频率是频率的6.28倍； the circular frequency is 6.28 times the frequency;
b、圆频率是频率的3.14倍； the circular frequency is 3.14 times the frequency;
c、频率是圆频率的6.28倍； the frequency is 6.28 times the circular frequency;
d、频率是圆频率的3.14倍； the frequency is 3.14 times the circular frequency;
57、
a、
b、
c、
d、一个都不是； none of them;
58、单摆运动中的重力矩的作用是____ the action of heavy moment in the movement of simple pendulum is_____
a、有利于偏离竖直线的角度增加； the angle of deviation from the vertical line is increased;
b、不利于偏离竖直线的角度增加； the angle of deviation from the vertical line is not conducive to increase;
c、有时候有利于偏离竖直线的角度增加，有时候不利于偏离竖直线的角度增加；sometimes it is beneficial to increase the angle of deviation from the vertical line, sometimes it is not conducive to increase the angle of deviation from the vertical line;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
59、简谐振动中，振子运动速率的相位与振子位置的相位关系是什么？ in simple harmonic vibration, what is the phase relation between the velocity of the oscillator and the position of the oscillator?
a、相同； the same;
b、相反； on the contrary;
c、超前； ahead;
d、落后； behind;
60、振幅可以通过哪些量求得？ what are the values of the amplitude?
a、初位移、初速率； initial displacement, initial velocity;
b、初位移、初速率、圆频率； initial displacement, initial velocity, circular frequency;
c、位移、速率； displacement and speed;
d、位移、速率、圆频率； displacement, speed, and circular frequency;
61、简谐振动的特征是___ the characteristic of simple harmonic vibration is______
a、等振幅、等周期、等相位； equal amplitude, equal period, equal phase;
b、等振幅、等周期； equal amplitude and equal period;
c、等振幅、等相位； equal amplitude and equal phase;
d、等周期、等相位； equal period, equal phase;
62、参考圆被定义成___ the reference circle is defined as_____
a、半径为振幅、逆时针旋转的模型； the model with radius of amplitude and counterclockwise rotation;
b、直径为振幅、逆时针旋转的模型； the model whose diameter is the amplitude and rotates counterclockwise;
c、半径为振幅、顺时针旋转的模型； the model with a radius of amplitude and a clockwise rotation;
d、直径为振幅、顺时针旋转的模型； the model whose diameter is the amplitude and rotates clockwise;
63、第一个振动比第二个振动超前，等价于___ the first vibration is ahead an to the second vibration that is equal to ____.
a、第一个振动比第二个振动超前； the first vibration is than the second；
b、第二个振动比第一个振动超前； the second one is more advanced than the first one;
c、第二个振动比第一个振动超前； the second vibration is higher than the first vibration;
d、一个都不对； none of them is right;
64、鸟笼问题这个例子中的初相位是____ the beginning phase in this birdcage example is ___
a、大于180度； greater than 180 degrees;
b、小于180度； less than 180 degrees;
c、小于90度； less than 90 degrees;
d、小于45度； \less than 45 degrees;
65、在简谐振动中，质点运动的动能与势能的关系是____ in the simple harmonic vibration, the relationship between the kinetic energy and the potential energy of particle motion is____
a、动能与势能相位相同，同时最大，同时最小； the kinetic energy and the potential energy have the same phase, and at the same time the maximum and the minimum;
b、动能与势能相位相反，一个最大，另一个最小； the phase of kinetic energy is opposite to that of potential energy, with one being the largest and the other the smallest;
c、动能与势能之和是一个常量； the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy is a constant;
d、动能与势能之差是一个常量； the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is a constant;
66、在鱼洗实验中，下列哪个说法是正确的？ in the fish washing experiment, which of the following statements is true?
a、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率越来越接近于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； resonance phenomenon occurs when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is closer and closer to the natural frequency of the fish washer;
b、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率大于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； resonance phenomenon occurs when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is greater than the natural frequency of the fish washer;
c、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率小于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； when the vibration frequency of the fish washer wall is less than the natural frequency of the fish washer, the resonance phenomenon occurs;
d、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率等于鱼洗固有频率时，不产生共振现象； when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is equal to the natural frequency of the fish washer, resonance phenomenon does not occur;
67、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、同方向同频率的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency is still simple harmonic oscillations;
b、同方向同振幅的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and with the same amplitude is still simple harmonic oscillation;
c、同方向同初相位的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and in the same initial phase is still simple harmonic oscillations;
d、同振幅同初相位的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations with the same amplitude and initial phase is still simple harmonic oscillation;
68、为什么强度为的简谐振动与强度为i的简谐振动，叠加后成？ why do simple harmonic oscillations of intensity i and simple harmonic oscillations of intensity add up to ?
a、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed;
b、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的整数倍； because two simple harmonic vibrations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an integer multiple of ;
c、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的奇数倍； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an odd times of ;
d、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的奇数倍； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an odd times of ;
69、两简谐振动同相加强，反相减弱，如果又不是同相，又不是反相，那么___ if the harmonic vibration of two simplicity is strengthened in the same phase and reduced in the opposite phase, if it is neither in phase nor in opposite phase, then___
a、增强； enhanced;
b、减弱； weakened;
c、介于两者之间； somewhere in between;
d、既增强又减弱； both strengthened and weakened;
70、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、同方向同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic oscillation beat in the same direction and frequency;
b、同方向不同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic vibration composite beat with different frequencies in the same direction;
c、不同方向同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic oscillation beats of the same frequency in different directions;
d、不同方向不同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic vibration composite beat with different directions and different frequencies;
71、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、互相平行的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位相同时，合成直线； two parallel simple harmonic vibration superposition, the initial phase is the same, the synthesis line;
b、互相平行的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位不相同时，合成直线； two parallel simple harmonic vibration superposition, the initial phase is not the same, synthesis of a straight line;
c、互相垂直相同频率的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位相同时，合成直线； two simple harmonic oscillations superposition perpendicular to each other at the same frequency, with the same initial phase, synthesize a straight line;
d、互相垂直相同频率的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位不相同时，合成直线； two simple harmonic oscillations superposition perpendicular to each other at the same frequency, the original phase is not the same, the resultant line;
72、垂直方向不同频率的两个简谐振动合成李萨如图形，其艺术性表现在光滑流畅优美，其实用性是什么？ two simple harmonic oscillations of different frequencies in the vertical direction are combined to form a lisaru figure. its artistic expression is smooth and graceful. what is its practicality?
a、根据未知频率求已知频率； find the known frequency according to the unknown frequency;
b、根据已知频率通过简单的切点倍数关系求未知频率； according to the known frequency, the unknown frequency can be obtained by simple tangent multiple relation;
c、根据已知频率通过简单的波长倍数关系求未知频率； according to the known frequency, the unknown frequency is obtained through simple wavelength multiple relation;
d、根据已知频率通过简单的时间倍数关系求未知频率； the unknown frequency is obtained by a simple time multiple relation according to the known frequency;
73、机械波形成的条件是___ the condition for mechanical wave formation is that it is ___
a、有波源，不一定要有弹性媒质； if it has a wave source, it doesn't have to have an elastic medium;
b、有波源，一定要有弹性媒质； if there is a wave source, there must be an elastic medium;
c、不一定要有波源，但一定要有弹性媒质； it doesn't have to have a wave source, but it does have to have an elastic medium;
d、不一定要有波源，也不一定要有弹性媒质； it doesn't have to have a wave source, it doesn't have to have an elastic medium;
74、关于横波与纵波 for transverse wave and longitudinal wave
a、振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为纵波； where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave, and where the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
b、振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为纵波； where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave, and where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
c、振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为纵波； if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave; if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
d、振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为纵波； if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave; if the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
75、关于振动曲线与波形图曲线 about vibration curve and waveform curve
a、
b、
c、
d、
76、关于波面与波线 about wave surface and wave line
a、波面处处与波线平行； the wave surface is parallel to the wave line everywhere;
b、波面处处与波线不一定平行； the wave surface is not always parallel to the wave line;
c、波面处处与波线垂直； the wave surface is everywhere perpendicular to the wave line;
d、波面处处与波线不一定垂直； the wave surface is not always perpendicular to the wave line;
77、
a、
b、
c、
d、
78、关于横波与纵波的表示 the representation of transverse wave and longitudinal wave
a、
b、
c、
d、
79、已知某质点的振动曲线，要求写波动方程，其振幅可以直接从曲线上读出，圆频率与初相位可以通过____来判定。 given the vibration curve of a particle, the wave equation is required to be written. the amplitude can be read out directly from the curve. the frequency of a circle and the initial phase can be determined by_____.
a、直角坐标系； rectangular coordinate system;
b、球坐标系； spherical coordinate system;
c、柱坐标系； cylindrical coordinate system;
d、参考圆； reference circle;
80、已知波形图求波动方程， given the waveform figure to find the wave equation,
a、
b、
c、
d、一个都不是； none of them;
81、横波用___表示；纵波用____表示； the shear wave is denoted by ____ ; the longitudinal wave is denoted by ____ ;
a、
b、
c、
d、
82、相干的条件是， the coherence condition is,
a、振动方向相同，振动初相位相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration direction is the same, the initial phase is the same, and the initial phase difference is constant.
b、振动振幅相同，振动频率相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration amplitude is the same, the vibration frequency is the same, the initial phase difference is constant;
c、振动振幅相同，振动初相位相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration amplitude is the same, the initial phase is the same, and the initial phase difference is constant.
d、振动方向相同，振动频率相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration direction is the same, the vibration frequency is the same, the initial phase difference is constant;
83、波速等于______ . the velocity of wave is equal to______ .
a、频率乘以波长的平方； frequency times wavelength squared;
b、频率除以波长； frequency divided by wavelength;
c、波长除以频率； wavelength divided by frequency;
d、频率乘以波长； frequency times wavelength;
84、
a、
b、
c、
d、
85、波在传播过程中，任一质元的____ . in the course of wave transmission, of any commodity____.
a、动能加势能是常量； kinetic energy plus potential energy is constant;
b、动能乘以势能是常量； kinetic energy times potential energy is constant;
c、动能除以势能是常量； kinetic energy divided by potential energy is constant;
d、动能减去势能是零； kinetic energy minus potential energy is zero;
86、波在传播过程中， as the wave travels,
a、一直吸收能量； you keep absorbing energy;
b、一直放出能量； it keeps giving off energy;
c、到平衡位置前吸收能量，到平衡位置后放出能量； energy is absorbed before reaching the equilibrium position and released after reaching the equilibrium position;
d、到平衡位置前放出能量，到平衡位置后吸收能量； energy is released before reaching the equilibrium position and absorbed after reaching the equilibrium position;
87、平面波与球面波的差别是， the difference between a plane wave and a spherical wave is,
a、球面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等，平面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is equal, while the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
b、球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等； the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal, and the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is equal;
c、平面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is equal, while the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
d、平面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal, and the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
88、根据惠更斯原理， according to huygens' principle,
a、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波线； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front. the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave line;
b、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波面； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front, and the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave surface;
c、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波前； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front. the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave front;
d、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波源； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front, and the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave source;
89、波沿着传播方向传播得越远，则____ the further the wave travels along the direction of propagation, then ____
a、相位越落后； the further out of phase;
b、相位不变； phase invariant;
c、相位越超前； the more advanced the phase is;
d、一个也不对； not one of them is right;
90、
a、
b、
c、
d、
91、驻波是两列传播方向相反等幅的波叠加而成的，其特征一是____ . standing wave is superposed by two columns of waves of equal amplitude in opposite directions of propagation. its characteristic is:_____.
a、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相同的振幅； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has the same amplitude;
b、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相同的相位； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has the same phase;
c、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相反的相位； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has opposite phase;
d、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有不同的频率； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has different frequencies;
92、驻波是两列传播方向相反等幅的波叠加而成的，其特征二是____ . standing wave is the superposition of two columns of waves of equal amplitude in opposite directions of propagation.
a、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相同的振幅； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has the same amplitude;
b、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相同的相位； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has the same phase;
c、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相反的相位； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has opposite phase;
d、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有不同的频率； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has different frequencies;
93、
a、这种驻波为悬梁型； this kind of standing wave is a suspended beam type;
b、这种驻波为两端固定型； the standing wave is fixed at both ends;
c、这种驻波为端点到波节最短距离为波长； the standing wave is the wavelength with the shortest distance from the end point to the node;
d、这种驻波为端点到波节最短距离为四分之一波长； this kind of standing wave is the shortest distance from the end point to the node is a quarter of the wavelength;
94、下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、波从波疏媒质向波密媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的透射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-thin medium to a wave-dense medium, the transmitted wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
b、波从波疏媒质向波密媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的反射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-thin medium to a wave-dense medium, the reflected wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
c、波从波密媒质向波疏媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的透射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-dense medium to a wave-thin medium, the transmitted wave at the interface has a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
d、波从波密媒质向波疏媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的反射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-dense medium to a wave-thin medium, the reflected wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
95、弦驻波是属于_____ a standing wave of a string is a member of ____
a、有半波损失的端点是悬梁型驻波； the end point with half wave loss is the standing wave of suspension beam type;
b、有半波损失的端点是固定型驻波； the endpoint with half - wave loss is a stationary standing wave;
c、无半波损失的端点是悬梁型驻波； the end point without half - wave loss is the standing wave of cantilever type;
d、无半波损失的端点是固定型驻波； the endpoint without half - wave loss is a stationary standing wave;
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第五篇 波动光学基础 ch11波动光学基础 (bian 5 basis of wave optics ch11 basis of wave optics)波动光学基础单元测验 (wave optics base unit test)1、
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第六篇 近代物理 ch12 狭义相对论基础 (bian six modern physics ch12 special relativity foundation)狭义相对论基础单元测验 (special relativity foundation unit test)1、
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第六篇 近代物理 ch13 量子物理基础 (sixth modern physics ch13 fundamentals of quantum physics )量子物理基础单元测验 (fundamental of quantum physics unit test )1、
a、任何波长的可见光照射到任何金属表面都能产生光电效应；
b、若入射光的频率均大于一给定金属的红限频率，则该金属分别受到不同频率的光照射，释出的光电子最大的动能也不同；
c、若入射光的频率均大于一给定金属的红限频率，则该金属分别受到不同频率、强度相等的光照射时，单位时间释出的光电子数一定相等；
d、若入射光的频率均大于一给定金属的红限频率，则该金属分别受到不同频率的光照射，释出的光电子最大的动能也相等。
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量子物理基础单元作业 (fundamental of quantum physics unit assignment)1、
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大学物理（下）期末考试 (college physics ii final exam)大学物理（下）期末考试 (college physics ii exam)1、 a vessel of volume v contains ideal oxygen at a pressure of p. the internal energy of oxygen is___
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2、下列不属于绝热过程的过程方程是___ the following process equations that do not belong to adiabatic process are___
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3、有一台效率为50%的卡诺热机，已知其工作的低温热源温度为27℃，则高温热源的温度为___ there is a carnot heat engine with an efficiency of 50%. it is known that the temperature of the low-temperature heat source is 27 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat source is___
a、54℃
b、300℃
c、327℃
d、600℃
4、 two stubbornness coefficients are the same. the springs are connected in parallel. if one end is fixed and a weight of mass is hung on the other end to form a vertical spring resonator, the vibration period of the system is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
5、 the expression of a mechanical wave is (si). the following statement is correct___
a、振幅为3cm； amplitude is 3cm;
b、波速为10m/s； velocity is 10m /s;
c、周期为1s/3 ； period is 1s/3;
d、波长为100m； wavelength is 100m;
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b、
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7、
a、68.0nm
b、99.6nm
c、199.2nm
d、149.4nm
8、要使一束线偏振光通过偏振片之后振动方向转过90°，则这束光___ to make a beam of linearly polarized light pass through the polarizer and turn the direction of vibration 90 °, the beam___
a、至少需要通过1块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的1/2倍； at least one ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 1 / 2 of the original one;
b、至少需要通过2块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的1/4倍； at least 2 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 1 / 4 of the original one;
c、至少需要通过3块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的27/64倍； at least 3 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 27/64 of the original one;
d、至少需要通过4块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的4/5倍； at least 4 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 4/5 of the original one;
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a、1.51ev
b、2.40ev
c、2.16ev
d、1.89ev
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17、 there is a natural light in the air. when it is irradiated on the surface of a medium at an incidence angle of 53 °, it is found that the reflected light is fully polarized, and the refracted light is partially polarized, so the refractive index of the medium is___
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大学物理（下）期末考试 (physics ii exam)1、
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第三篇 电磁场 ch7 稳恒磁场 (third electromagnetic field ch7 steady magnetic field)第7章单元测验 (chapter 7 unit tests)1、
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第7章单元作业 (chapter 7 unit assignment)1、
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第三篇 电磁场 ch8 电磁感应与电磁波 (third electromagnetic field ch8 electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic waves)§8.1 电磁感应定律（1学时） (§ 8.1 electromagnetic induction law)随堂测验1、
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b、
c、
d、
第8章单元测验 (chapter 8 unit tests)1、
a、a点与b点等电位； equal potential between point a and point b;
b、a点比b点电位高； higher potential at point a than at point b;
c、a点比b点电位低； point a is less potential than point b;
d、无法确定； cannot be determined;
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第一篇 力学 ch2 质点动力学 (first mechanical ch2 particle dynamics)第2章单元测验1、
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d、
2、一质点在外力作用下运动时，下列说法哪个正确? which of the following statements is true when a particle moves under the action of an external force?
a、质点的动量改变时，质点的动能也一定改变； when the momentum of the particle changes, the kinetic energy of the particle also changes;
b、质点的动能不变时，质点的动量也一定不变； when the kinetic energy of the particle is constant, the momentum of the particle is also constant;
c、外力的功是零，外力的冲量一定是零； the work of external force is zero, and the impulse of external force must be zero;
d、外力的冲量是零，外力的功也一定是零； the impulse of the external force is zero, and the work of the external force must be zero;
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第2章单元作业1、
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第三篇 电磁场 ch6 静电场 (second electromagnetic field ch6 electrostatic field)§6.4 静电场环路定理 电势能与电势（3学时） (§ 6.4 electrostatic field loop theorem; electric potential energy and electric potential)随堂测验1、均匀带电圆环轴线上的电势为___。
a、a
b、b
c、c
d、d
2、均匀带电圆盘轴线上的电势为________。
a、a
b、b
c、c
d、d
3、均匀带电球壳在空间电势的分布为
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4、均匀带电球体在空间电势的分布。
a、
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d、
第6章单元测验 (chapter 6 unit tests)1、以下说法中哪一种是正确的? which of the following statements is true?
a、电场中某点电场强度的方向，就是试验电荷在该点所受电场力的方向； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field, is the direction of the electric field force on the test charge at that point
b、电场中某点电场强度的方向可由e=f/q0确定，其中q0为试验电荷的电量，q0可正、可负，f为试验电荷所受的电场力； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field can be determined by e=f/q0, where q0 is the electric charge of the test charge, q0 can be positive or negative, and f is the electric field force of the test charge;
c、在以点电荷为中心的球面上，由该点电荷所产生的电场强度处处相同； on a sphere centered on a point charge, the intensity of the electric field generated by that point charge is the same everywhere;
d、以上说法都不正确； none of the above is true;
2、
a、高斯面内电荷的代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of the charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must be zero everywhere;
b、高斯面内的电荷代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强不一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane is not necessarily zero everywhere;
c、高斯面内的电荷代数和不为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处不为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is not zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must not be zero everywhere;
d、高斯面内无电荷时，高斯面上各点场强一定为零； when there is no charge in the gaussian surface, the field strength of each point on the gaussian surface must be zero;
3、在某一静电场中，任意两点p1和p2之间的电势差决定于___ in an electrostatic field, the potential difference between p1 and p2 at any two points depends on___
a、p1点的位置； the position of point p1;
b、p2点的位置； the location of point p2;
c、p1和p2两点的位置； the positions of p1 and p2;
d、p1和p2两点处的电场强度的大小和方向； the magnitude and direction of the electric field intensity at the points p1 and p2;
4、一半径为r的均匀带电球面的带电量为q. 设无穷远处为电势零点，则球外距离球心为r的p点处的电场强度的大小和电势为___ the charge of a uniformly charged sphere of radius r is q. suppose infinity is the zero of the electric potential, then the magnitude of the electric field intensity and the electric potential at point p with the distance from the outside of the sphere to the center of the sphere r are___
a、
b、
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5、
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第6章单元作业 (chapter 6 unit assignments)1、
2、有一均匀带电的半径为r的球面。带电量为q，试用高斯定理求解其内外电场及电势分布。 there is a uniformly charged sphere of radius r. the charge is q, and the internal and external electric field and potential distribution are solved by using gauss theorem.
3、有一电荷线密度为λ半径为r的无限长均匀带电的圆柱面，试用高斯定理求解其内外场强分布。 an infinitely long uniformly charged cylinder with a linear density of charge of λ and a radius of r is presented.
4、
5、
大学物理（上）期中考试 (college physics i mid-term exam)大学物理（上）期中考试 (college physics i mid )1、地球质量是多少？ what is the mass of the earth?
a、
b、
c、
d、
2、国际单位制也叫___ the international system of units is also called___
a、se制 (se system)
b、sf制 (sf system)
c、千克米秒 (kg m s system)
d、千克摩尔安培制 (kg mol a system)
3、
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b、
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4、
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5、质点指的是___ a particle is a___
a、很小的质量的模型 very small mass model
b、很大的质量的模型 very large mass model
c、不大不小的质量的模型 a model of moderate mass
d、只考虑质量，不考虑形状的模型 a model that considers only the mass and not the shape
6、瞬时速度就是___ the instantaneous velocity is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、求解运动学问题，为什么需要初始条件？ why do we need initial conditions to solve the kinematics problem?
a、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使不定积分变成定积分； the initial conditions are used to determine the integral constant so that the antiderivative becomes a definite integral;
b、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使定积分变成不定积分； the initial condition is used to determine the integral constant so that the definite integral becomes the antiderivative;
c、初始条件用于确定初始速度； the initial conditions are used to determine the initial velocity;
d、初始条件用于确定初始位置； initial conditions are used to determine the initial position;
8、下列说法哪种是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、抛体运动的共同特点是___ the common feature of projectile motion is that___
a、
b、
c、
d、
10、
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b、
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d、
11、在自然坐标系中的速率为___ the rate in natural coordinates is equal to___
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、牛顿第一定律，是___ newton's third law is___
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
13、牛顿第二定律，是___ newton's third law is___;
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
14、牛顿第三定律，是___ newton's third law is___
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、f=ma;
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
15、在常见的三种力中，第一种是万有引力，万有引力与重力的关系是___ of the three common forces, the first is universal gravitation, and the relationship between universal gravitation and gravity is___
a、重力是万有引力中特殊的一种力，重力属于万有引力； gravity is a special force in the universal gravitation, gravity belongs to the universal gravitation;
b、重力就是万有引力，万有引力就是重力； gravity is universal gravitation, and universal gravitation is gravity;
c、重力不是万有引力，重力与万有引力是两种力； gravity is not universal gravitation, gravity and universal gravitation are two kinds of forces;
d、以上都不对； none of the above is true;
16、万有引力常数的单位是___ the units of the universal gravitation constant are___
a、
b、
c、
d、
17、以下说法正确的是___ the following statement is correct___
a、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，书本压桌面的力不是弹性力； the spring force is the elastic force, the book pressure table is not the elastic force;
b、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力不是弹性力； the spring force is an elastic force, the force pulling the rope is not an elastic force;
c、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力是弹性力，甲乙两人各用200n的力拉一根绳子，绳子中的张力为400n； the spring's spring force is the elastic force, the pull on the rope is the elastic force, a two people each pull a rope with the force of 200n, the tension in the rope is 400n;
d、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力是弹性力，甲乙两人各用200n的力拉一根绳子，绳子中的张力为200n; the spring's spring force is the elastic force, the pull on the rope is the elastic force, a two people each pull a rope with the force of 200n, the tension in the rope is 200n;
18、求一个函数的极大值，通常用的方法是___ the usual way to find the maximum of a function is___
a、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数小于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is less than zero;
b、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数大于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is greater than zero;
c、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数等于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is zero;
d、一阶导数等于零; the first derivative is zero;
19、质点动力学解题的一般方法是___ the general way to do particle dynamics is___
a、选取研究对象； select research object;
b、选取研究对象；独立受力分析； select the research object; independent force analysis;
c、选取研究对象；独立受力分析；选取坐标系； select the research object; independent force analysis; select the coordinate system;
d、选取研究对象；独立受力分析；选取坐标系；列方程求解； select the research object; independent force analysis; select the coordinate system; solving equations;
20、
a、
b、
c、
d、
21、
a、
b、
c、
d、
22、
a、
b、
c、
d、
23、
a、
b、
c、
d、
24、
a、
b、
c、
d、
25、功的单位___ the unit of work___
a、牛顿 n
b、牛顿·米 n · m
c、牛顿·米·秒 n · m· s
d、焦耳·米·秒 j · m · s
26、功率可以表示成___ power can be represented as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、质点动能定理，说的是___ the kinetic energy theorem for particles says___
a、合外力所做的功等于质点动能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the kinetic energy of the particle;
b、合外力所做的功等于质点势能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the potential energy of the particle;
c、合外力所做的功等于质点机械能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the mechanical energy of the particle;
d、以上一个也不对； neither of the above is true;
28、重力做功等于___ the work done by gravity is equal to___
a、质点重力势能的增加； the increase of gravitational potential energy at the particle；
b、质点重力势能增加的相反数； negative increase of gravitational potential energy of particle;
c、质点重力机械能的增加； increase of gravitational mechanical energy of particle;
d、质点重力机械能增加的相反数； the negative increase of the gravitational mechanical energy of the particle;
29、万有引力做功等于___ the work done by universal gravitation is equal to___
a、万有引力势能的增加； the increase of universal gravitation potential energy;
b、万有引力势能增加的相反数； the negative of the increase of universal gravitation potential energy;
c、弹性势能的增加； the increase of elastic potential energy;
d、弹性势能增加的相反数； the negative of the increase in the elastic potential energy;
30、关于内能做功，以下说法正确的是___ the following statement about internal energy doing work is true___
a、荡秋千时，会荡秋千的人到最高点时站直，到最低点时蹲下，秋千会越荡越高； when playing on a swing, the person who plays on a swing will stand up straight at the highest point and squat down at the lowest point;
b、荡秋千时，会荡秋千的人到最高点时蹲下，到最低点时站直，秋千会越荡越高； when playing on a swing, the person who plays on a swing will crouch down at the highest point and stand up straight at the lowest point. the swing will go higher and higher;
c、荡秋千时，不会荡秋千的人到最高点时站直，到最低点时蹲下，秋千会逐渐停止； in a swing, those who can't swing will stand up straight at the top and squat down at the bottom;
d、以上都不对； none of the above is true;
31、以下说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统机械能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved;
b、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统动能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
c、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统势能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the system potential energy is conserved.
d、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和大于0，系统机械能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the combined external force and the non-conservative internal force is greater than 0, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved;
32、关于功，以下说法正确的是___ the following statement about work is true___
a、功是能量交换或者变化过程中的度量； work is a measure of energy exchange or change;
b、功是单位是牛顿； work is in newtons;
c、功是矢量； work is a vector quantity;
d、功是动能； work is kinetic energy;
33、第一宇宙速度是___ the first cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
34、第二宇宙速度是___ the second cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
35、第三宇宙速度是___ the third cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
36、冲量是___ impulse is ___
a、力的空间积累效应； spatial accumulation effect of forces;
b、力的时间积累效应； time accumulation effect of force;
c、力的时间和空间积累效应； time and space accumulation effect of force;
d、势能积累效应； potential energy accumulation effect;
37、质点动量定理说的是， the particle momentum theorem says,
a、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点动能的增量； the impulse of internal and external forces over a period of time is equal to the increment of kinetic energy of the particle;
b、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点势能的增量； the impulse of the internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of the potential energy of the particle;
c、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点机械能的增量； the impulse of internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the particle;
d、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点动量的增量； the impulse of internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of momentum of the particle;
38、质点系的动量定理，说的是___ the momentum theorem for particle systems says___
a、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系动量的增量； the momentum of particle system is equal to the momentum increment of particle system;
b、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系动能的增量； the impulse of particle system is equal to the increment of kinetic energy of particle system;
c、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系势能的增量； the impulse of the particle system is equal to the increment of the potential energy of the particle system;
d、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系机械能的增量； the impulse of particle system combined with external force is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of particle system;
39、动量守恒的条件是___ the condition for momentum conservation is ___
a、合外力矩等于0； the net outside moment of force is equal to 0;
b、合外力大于0； the net outside force is greater than 0;
c、合外力等于0； the net outside force is equal to 0;
d、合外力小于0； the net outside force is less than 0;
40、关于弹性碰撞， in terms of elastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
41、关于完全非弹性碰撞， for completely inelastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
42、关于一般非弹性碰撞， for general inelastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
43、
a、
b、
c、
d、以上一个都不是； none of the above;
44、转动定律说的是___ the rotation law says
a、
b、
c、
d、
45、
a、
b、
c、
d、
46、
a、
b、
c、
d、
47、
a、
b、
c、
d、
48、力矩做功的功率为___ the power of moment doing work per unit time is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
49、
a、
b、
c、
d、
50、绕定轴转动的动量矩对时间的一阶导数，等于作用在刚体上所有外力对轴的力矩的代数和，称为___ the first derivative of the moment of momentum with respect to time of rotation about the fixed-axis is equal to the algebraic sum of the moment of force on the axis acting on the rigid-body, it is ___
a、刚体绕定轴转动的动量矩定理； theorem of moment of momentum for rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
b、刚体绕定轴转动的动量定理； momentum theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
c、刚体绕定轴转动的动能定理； kinetic energy theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
d、刚体绕定轴转动的力矩定理； the moment theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
51、
a、
b、
c、
d、
52、
a、0转； 0;
b、625转； 625;
c、750转； 750;
d、1500转； 1500;
53、
a、
b、
c、
d、
54、
a、
b、
c、
d、
55、
a、
b、
c、
d、
56、
a、可能追上；it is possible to catch up;
b、不可能追上； it is impossible to catch up;
c、0
d、0
57、
a、不可能击中；impossible to hit;
b、可能击中； the likelihood of hitting;
c、0
d、0
58、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
59、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
60、
a、0.5m;
b、1m;
c、0
d、0
61、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
62、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
63、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
64、
a、动量矩守恒，机械能守恒； conservation of moment of momentum; conservation of mechanical energy;
b、动量守恒，机械能守恒； conservation of momentum; conservation of mechanical energy;
c、0
d、0
65、
a、可以用动量守恒定律做； it can be done using the law of conservation of momentum;
b、只能用动量矩守恒定律做； it can only be done with the law of conservation of moment of momentum;
c、0
d、0
66、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
67、质量为m的人，携带着质量为m的沙包跳远，若跳至最高点时，向后扔出沙包，则跳远成绩提高量____ the mass of m people, with the mass of m sandbag long jump, if jump to the highest point, throw back out of the sandbag, the long jump performance is improved as___
a、正比于沙包质量，正比于扔出沙包时的相对速度； proportional to the mass of the sandbag, proportional to the relative velocity when the sandbag is thrown;
b、正比于沙包质量，正比于扔出沙包时的相对速度的平方； proportional to the mass of the sandbag and proportional to the square of the relative velocity when the sandbag is thrown;
c、0
d、0
68、
a、能 can
b、不能 can't
c、0
d、0
69、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
70、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
71、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
72、当外力矩为零时，质点动量矩守恒。例如行星绕太阳旋转，电子绕原子核旋转等，因为种种原因外力矩为零，故质点动量矩守恒。 when the moment of external force is zero, the momentum moment of mass is conserved. for example, planets revolve around the sun, electrons revolve around the nucleus, etc., because of various reasons the moment of external force is zero, so the momentum moment of mass is conserved.
a、不对； false;
b、对 true;
c、0
d、0
73、当作用在质点系上所有外力对某一固定轴的力矩之和为零，则质点系对该轴的动量矩保持不变。例如花样滑冰表演者，可以绕通过重心的铅垂轴高速旋转，也可以展开双臂缓慢旋转，在这一过程中，摩擦力矩可以忽略，因此表演者对旋转轴的动量矩守恒。 when the sum of all the moments of force acting on a fixed axis on the particle system is zero, the moment of force of the particle system on the fixed axis remains constant. a figure skater, for example, can spin at high speed around a plumb axis passing through the center of gravity or slowly rotate his arms. in this process, the friction moment of force can be ignored, so the moment of motion of the skater toward the axis of rotation is conserved.
a、不对； false;
b、对 true;
c、0
d、0
74、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
75、
a、动量不守恒，机械能守恒； momentum is not conserved; mechanical energy is conserved;
b、动量守恒，机械能不守恒； momentum is conserved; mechanical energy is not conserved;
c、0
d、0
76、
a、q正好达到原来p的速度； the velocity of q is exactly the same as that of p;
b、p与q的速度相等； the velocity of p is the same as that of q;
c、0
d、0
77、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
78、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
79、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
80、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
81、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
82、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
83、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
84、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
85、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
86、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
87、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
88、
a、动量； momentum;
b、角动量； angular momentum;
c、0
d、0
89、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
90、
a、250n;
b、100n;
c、0
d、0
91、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
92、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
93、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
94、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
95、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
96、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
97、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
98、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
99、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
100、
a、是； yes;
b、不是； not;
c、0
d、0
静电场部分平时测验(the electrostatic field section is normally tested)静电场部分平时测验(the electrostatic field tested)1、如果要将一带电体看作点电荷，则该带电体的___ if an electric body is to be regarded as a point charge, then the charged body is___
a、线度很小； the linearity is small;
b、电荷呈球形分布； the charge is spherical;
c、线度远小于其它有关长度； the linearity is much less than the other relevant length;
d、电量很小； the electric quantity is very small;
2、
a、
b、
c、
d、
3、库仑力与万有引力之间的关系是___ the relationship between the coulomb force and the universal gravitation force is___
a、都与距离平方成反比 it's inversely proportional to the square of the distance
b、都是吸引力 it's all attraction
c、都是排斥力 it's all repulsive
d、又可能是吸引力又可能是排斥力 it could be attraction or it could be repulsion
4、电场强度是矢量，其单位是___ the intensity of the electric field is a vector, and the unit is___
a、v
b、v/m
c、v·m
d、a/m
5、电场强度的单位是___ the unit of electric field intensity are___
a、牛顿/库仑 n/c
b、牛顿/米 n/m
c、库仑/米 c/m
d、库仑/牛顿 c/n
6、
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、关于高斯定理，下列哪一说法正确的？ which of the following statements is true about gauss theorem?
a、高斯定理只适用于长直通电导线 gauss theorem applies only to long straight wires
b、高斯定理只适用于球对称性问题的求解 gauss theorem is only applicable to the solution of spherical symmetry problem
c、高斯定理适用于一切静电场，但是真正能求解的问题局限于对称性好的问题 gauss theorem is applicable to all electrostatic fields, but the problems that can be solved are limited to problems with good symmetry
d、高斯定理适用于一切静电场和涡旋电场 gauss theorem is applicable to all electrostatic fields and eddy electric fields
8、电通量的单位是___ the unit of electric flux is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、关于高斯定理，下列说法正确的是___ on gauss theorem, the following statement is correct___
a、适合于一切电场； suitable for all electric fields;
b、适合于一切涡旋电场； suitable for all vortex electric fields;
c、适合于一切静电场； suitable for all electrostatic fields;
d、只适合于球对称性的静电场； the electrostatic field is only suitable for spherical symmetry;
10、
a、
b、
c、
d、
11、
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、电场线处处平行的区域为什么是匀强电场？ why is the area where the electric field line is parallel everywhere uniform electric field?
a、利用高斯定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明不同电场线上的场 强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
b、利用高斯定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明同一电场线上的场强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of same electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
c、利用高斯定理可以证明不同电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明不同电场线上的场强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the different electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
d、利用静电场环路定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用高斯定理可以证明不同电场线上的场 强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using gauss theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
13、
a、点电荷； point charge;
b、半径为r的均匀带电球面； uniformly charged sphere of radius r;
c、半径为r的均匀带电球体； uniformly charged sphere of radius r;
d、无限长均匀带电直线； uniformly charged lines of infinite length;
14、
a、
b、
c、
d、
15、电势的单位是____ the unit of electric potential is____
a、a
b、j
c、v
d、n
16、静电场中某点p处电势的数值等于___ the value of the potential at some point p in the electrostatic field is equal to___
a、试验电荷q0置于p点时具有的电势能； the potential energy of the test charge q0 at point p;
b、单位试验电荷置于p点时具有的电势能； the electric potential energy of the unit test charge at point p;
c、单位正电荷置于p点时具有的电势能； the electric potential energy of a unit positive charge at point p;
d、把单位正电荷从p点移到电势零点时外力所作的功； the work done by the external force when the unit positive charge is moved from p to zero of the electric potential;
17、
a、
b、
c、
d、
18、
a、
b、
c、
d、
19、
a、
b、
c、
d、
20、
a、
b、
c、
d、
21、
a、
b、
c、
d、
22、
a、
b、
c、
d、
23、
a、
b、
c、
d、
24、地球那么大的导体电容为___ the earth's conductor capacitance is___
a、0.71mf；
b、1.42mf；
c、2.13mf；
d、4.26mf；
25、
a、
b、
c、
d、
26、
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的调和平均；the total capacitance of the shunt capacitance is the harmonic average of the capacitance values;
b、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of the parallel capacitance is the arithmetic average of the capacitance values;
c、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of the parallel capacitance is the arithmetic average of the capacitance values;
d、串联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of series capacitance is the arithmetic average of each capacitance value;
28、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电场强度的平方； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the square of the electric field intensity;
b、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电场强度； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the strength of the electric field;
c、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电势的平方； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the potential squared;
d、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电势； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the potential;
29、以下说法中哪一种是正确的? which of the following statements is true?
a、电场中某点电场强度的方向，就是试验电荷在该点所受电场力的方向； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field, is the direction of the electric field force on the test charge at that point
b、电场中某点电场强度的方向可由e=f/q0确定，其中q0为试验电荷的电量，q0可正、可负，f为试验电荷所受的电场力； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field can be determined by e=f/q0, where q0 is the electric charge of the test charge, q0 can be positive or negative, and f is the electric field force of the test charge
c、在以点电荷为中心的球面上，由该点电荷所产生的电场强度处处相同； on a sphere centered on a point charge, the intensity of the electric field generated by that point charge is the same everywhere
d、以上说法都不正确； none of the above is true;
30、
a、高斯面内电荷的代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of the charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must be zero everywhere
b、高斯面内的电荷代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强不一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane is not necessarily zero everywhere
c、高斯面内的电荷代数和不为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处不为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is not zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must not be zero everywhere
d、高斯面内无电荷时，高斯面上各点场强一定为零； when there is no charge in the gaussian surface, the field strength of each point on the gaussian surface must be zero;
31、在某一静电场中，任意两点p1和p2之间的电势差决定于___ in an electrostatic field, the potential difference between p1 and p2 at any two points depends on___
a、p1点的位置； the position of point p1;
b、p2点的位置； the location of point p2;
c、p1和p2两点的位置； the positions of p1 and p2;
d、p1和p2两点处的电场强度的大小和方向； the magnitude and direction of the electric field intensity at the points p1 and p2;
32、
a、
b、
c、
d、
33、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
34、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
35、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
36、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
37、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
38、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
39、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
40、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
41、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
42、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
43、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
44、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
45、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
46、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
47、
a、稳定平衡； stable equilibrium;
b、不稳定平衡； unstable equilibrium;
c、0
d、0
48、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
49、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
50、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
稳恒磁场与电磁感应部分平时测验(steady magnetic field and electromagnetic induction test)稳恒磁场与电磁感应部分平时测验(test for b)1、
a、
b、
c、
d、
2、洛仑兹力表示成___ lorentz force is represented as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
3、
a、
b、
c、
d、
4、
a、
b、
c、
d、
5、
a、
b、
c、
d、
6、
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、安培环路定理，正确有表示为___ the ampere loop theorem, correctly expressed as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
8、
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、
a、
b、
c、
d、
10、
a、
b、
c、
d、
11、
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、
a、a点与b点等电位; the equipotential between point a and point b;
b、a点比b点电位高; the potential at point a is higher than that at point b;
c、a点比b点电位低； the potential at point a is lower than that at point b;
d、无法确定； cannot be determined;
13、
a、向左偏转； deflection to the left ;
b、向右偏转； deflection to the right ;
c、不偏转； no deflection;
d、可能向左偏转，也可能向右偏转； it may deflect to the left or to the right;
14、导体切割磁场线，没有构成闭合回路的话，那么___ the conductor cuts the magnetic field line without forming a closed loop, then___
a、没有感应电流，没有电动势； no induced current, no electromotive force;
b、没有感应电流，有电动势； there is no induced current and there is an electromotive force;
c、有感应电流，没有电动势； there is an induced current and no electromotive force;
d、有感应电流，有电动势； there is an induced current and an electromotive force;
15、感应电流的效果总是____ . the effect of the inductive current is always___.
a、总是反抗引起感应电流的原因； always resist the cause of induced current;
b、总是增强引起感应电流的原因； always enhance the cause of induced current;
c、有时反抗有时增强引起感应电流的原因； sometimes resist and sometimes enhance the cause of induced current;
d、或者反抗或者增强引起感应电流的原因； either resist or enhance the cause of induced current;
16、电动势实际上是一种能力，就是___ electromotive force is actually an ability about ___
a、把正电荷从正极搬运到负极； transfer of positive charges from the positive to the negative poles;
b、把负电荷从负极搬运到正极； transfer of negative charges from the negative to the positive poles;
c、把正电荷从正极搬运到正极； transfer of positive charge from the positive pole to the positive pole;
d、把正电荷从负极搬运到正极； transfer of positive charges from the negative to the positive;
17、感应电动势包括感生电动势和动生电动势，下列说法哪个是正确的？ induction electromotive force includes induced electromotive force and motional electromotive force, which of the following statements is true?
a、由于磁场变而产生的电动势不是感生电动势； the electromotive force due to the change of magnetic field is not induced electromotive force;
b、由于线圈（导体）动产生的电动势是动生电动势； the electromotive force produced by the coil (conductor) is motional electromotive force.
c、由于磁场变而产生的电动势是动生电动势； the electromotive force due to the change of magnetic field is motional electromotive force.
d、由于线圈（导体）动产生的电动势不是动生电动势； the electromotive force due to coil (conductor) motion is not motional electromotive force;
18、
a、
b、
c、
d、
19、
a、
b、
c、
d、
20、以下说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、涡旋电场来自于变化的电场； the vortex electric field is derived from a varying electric field;
b、涡旋电场来自于变化的磁场； the vortex electric field is derived from a changing magnetic field;
c、静电场来自于变化的电场； the electrostatic field is derived from a varying electric field;
d、静电场来自于变化的磁场； the electrostatic field is derived from a varying magnetic field;
21、自感系数l与___有关系？ what does the coefficient of self induction have to do with?
a、线圈的体积； the volume of the coil;
b、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数； the volume of the coil and the number of turns per unit length;
c、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯； the volume of the coil, the number of turns per unit length, and whether or not an iron core is inserted;
d、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯、是否通有电流； the volume of the coil, the number of turns per unit length, whether an iron core is inserted, and whether a current is on;
22、互感系数m与___有关系？ is mutual inductance m related to it?
a、各线圈的体积； the volume of each coil;
b、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数； the volume of each coil and the number of turns per unit length;
c、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯； the volume of each coil, the number of turns per unit length, and whether or not an iron core is inserted;
d、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯以及两线圈的相对位置； the volume of each coil, the number of turns per unit length, whether the iron core is inserted, and the relative positions of the two coils;
23、
a、
b、
c、
d、
24、
a、
b、
c、
d、
25、
a、
b、
c、
d、
26、
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、
a、
b、
c、
d、
28、
a、
b、
c、
d、
29、
a、
b、
c、
d、
30、
a、
b、
c、
d、
31、
a、
b、
c、
d、
32、
a、水平向右； horizontal to the right;
b、水平向左； horizontal to the left;
c、垂直纸面向外； facing out of the paper vertically;
d、垂直纸面向里； vertical to the inside of the paper;
33、
a、
b、
c、
d、
34、
a、可能顺时针也可能逆时针； may be clockwise or counterclockwise;
b、可能从左向右也可能从右向左； may be from left to right or from right to left;
c、从左向右； from left to right;
d、从右向左； from right to left;
35、
a、c点电势高； high potential at point c;
b、d点电势高； high potential at point d;
c、c点电势与d点电势一样高； the potential at point c is as high as that at point d;
d、可能c点电势高，也可能d点电势高； the potential may be high at point c or at point d;
36、
a、
b、
c、
d、
37、
a、
b、
c、
d、
38、
a、
b、
c、
d、
39、
a、
b、
c、
d、
40、
a、
b、
c、
d、
41、
a、
b、
c、
d、
42、一带电粒子平行磁感应线射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； if a parallel magnetic induction line of the electric particle is injected into the uniform magnetic field, it will move ___.
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、螺线； spiral;
43、一带电粒子垂直磁感应线射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； with the electric particle vertical magnetic induction line into the uniform magnetic field, it makes ___motion;
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、螺线； spiral;
44、一带电粒子与磁感应线成任意角度射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； if the electric particle and the magnetic induction line are injected into the uniform magnetic field at any angle, it will do ___ motion.
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、（d）螺线； spiral;
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a、方向垂直于纸面向里； the direction is perpendicular to the inside of the paper;
b、方向垂直于纸面向外； orientation perpendicular to the outside of the paper;
c、水平向右； horizontal to the right;
d、水平向左； horizontal to the left;
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大学物理（上）期末考试 (college physics i final exam)大学物理（上）期末考试客观题 (objective question)1、
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5、一飞轮以每分钟1500转的转速转动，受制动50秒后静止。则从制动开始到静止飞轮转过的转数为___ a flywheel rotates at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute and stops after being braked for 50 seconds. the number of revolutions from the start of braking to the rotation of stationary flywheel is ___
a、 0 review
b、 625 reviews
c、 750 reviews
d、 1500 reviews
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9、 when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field in parallel with the magnetic induction line, it makes _____ motion; when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field in vertical direction, it makes ______ motion; when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field at any angle with the magnetic induction line, it makes ______ motion.
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第一篇 力学 ch1 质点运动学 (first mechanical ch1 particle kinematics)第1章单元测验1、
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第一篇 力学 ch3 刚体的定轴转动 ( first mechanical ch3 rigid-body of the fixed axis rotation)第3章单元测验 (chapter 3 unit tests)1、
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大学物理（下）期中考试卷(college physics ii mid-term exam)大学物理（下）期中考试卷1、摄氏29℃等于多少k？ what is the value of k at 29℃?
a、302
b、303
c、304
d、305
2、理想气体是什么情况下的一种抽象？ under what conditions is an ideal gas an abstraction?
a、不计分子的尺寸； regardless of molecular size;
b、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞；irrespective of the size of the molecules and the collisions between the molecules;
c、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞除了碰撞以外，分子与分子之间的碰撞、分子与器壁之间的碰撞是弹性碰撞；not counting the size of molecules, not counting the collisions between molecules except the collisions between molecules, the collisions between molecules and the walls of the vessel are elastic collisions;
d、不计分子的尺寸，不计分子与分子之间的碰撞除了碰撞以外，分子与分子之间的碰撞是弹性碰撞；not counting the size of the molecules, not counting the collisions between molecules except for the collisions, the collisions between molecules are elastic collisions;
3、理想气体的压强公式是_____ . the pressure formula for an ideal gas is ____.
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4、从微观来说，理想气体压强就是分子碰撞容器壁产生的平均效果，那么分子与器壁的碰撞是___ from the microscopic point of view, the ideal gas pressure is the average effect produced by the collision of molecules against the vessel wall, so the collision between molecules and the vessel wall is ___
a、弹性碰撞； elastic collision;
b、一般非弹性碰撞； general inelastic collisions;
c、完全非弹性碰撞； completely inelastic collision;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
5、伽顿板实验演示了正态分布规律，它们是___ gatton-plate experiment demonstrates the normal distribution. they are___
a、两头小，中间大； small at the ends, large in the middle;
b、两头大，中间小； the ends are large, the middle is small;
c、两头、中间小； small at both ends and in the middle;
d、两头、中间大； big at both ends and in the middle;
6、x 方向上平均速度为零，是____ . the average velocity in the x direction is ____.
a、统计平均； statistical average;
b、各向同性； isotropy;
c、统计平均、各向同性； statistical average and isotropy;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
7、
a、1/2
b、1/3
c、1/4
d、1/5
8、在理想气体模型中假定除以碰撞以外，分子之间没有相互作用力，是因为___ the ideal gas model assumes that there is no force between the molecules apart from the collision because of ___
a、气体分子比较大； gas molecules are large;
b、气体分子间的距离很远； gas molecules are very far apart;
c、气体分子间的距离很近； gas molecules are very close to each other;
d、气体分子比较小，气体分子间的距离很近； the gas molecules are small and close to each other;
9、理想气体压强公式，下列哪个正确？ the ideal gas pressure formula, which of the following is true?
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a、3
b、2
c、1
d、0
11、气桌实验为什么能将大浮子、小浮子浮起来演示弹性碰撞？ why can the air table experiment float large, small float floating up to demonstrate elastic collision?
a、因为有镜子可以反射； because there are mirrors to reflect;
b、因为气桌上有许许多多小孔可以喷气； for there are many little holes in the air table to blow through;
c、因为气桌上有许许多多小孔可以吸气； because there are so many holes in the air table to breathe in;
d、因为手将大浮子、小浮子浮起来； for the hand floats the big float, the little float;
12、关于伽顿板实验，下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true about the gadon-plate experiment?
a、一个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； a particle enters the experiment and falls into the slot with statistical regularity;
b、两个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； two particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
c、十个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； ten particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
d、十万个粒子进入实验，落在槽中呈现统计规律性； one hundred thousand particles entered the experiment and fell into the slot with statistical regularity;
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a、为了好看，用一个狭槽也行； for good looks, a slot will do;
b、为了准直，沿着轴线方向运动的分子才能通过； in order to be collimated, molecules moving along the axis can pass through;
c、两个狭槽开口方向不同也行； two slots open in different directions;
d、一个都不对； none of them;
14、麦克斯韦速率分布曲线是___ maxwell's rate distribution is___
a、两头小中间大的对称分布曲线； symmetrical distribution curve with small at both ends and large at the middle;
b、两头小中间大的不对称分布曲线； an asymmetrical distribution curve with small at both ends and large at the middle;
c、两头大中间小的对称分布曲线； symmetrical distribution curve with large ends and small middle;
d、两头大中间小的不对称分布曲线； an asymmetrical distribution curve with large at both ends and small in the middle;
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16、最可几速率是___ the rate of maximum probability is ___
a、0
b、无穷大； infinity;
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a、2.828
b、1.414
c、2
d、3
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a、1.732
b、1.414
c、2
d、3
19、温度的微观本质是什么？ what is the microscopic nature of temperature?
a、分子热，则温度高； if the molecule is hot, the temperature is high;
b、气体分子运动剧烈程度的标志； a marker of the intensity of movement of a gas molecule;
c、分子冷，则温度低； if the molecules are cold, the temperature is low;
d、分子运动得快，则温度高； if the molecules are moving fast, the temperature is high;
20、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、
b、
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d、都不对；all wrong;
21、1个氧分子有几个自由度？ how many degrees of freedom does an oxygen molecule have?
a、1
b、2
c、3
d、5
22、下列哪种说法正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、气体动理论是从微观的角度研究热学问题，热力学是宏观角度研究热力学问题； the kinetic theory of gas studies the thermal problems from the microscopic point of view, and thermodynamics from the macroscopic point of view;
b、气体动理论是从宏观的角度研究热学问题，热力学是微观角度研究热力学问题； the kinetic theory of gas studies the thermal problem from the macroscopic point of view, and thermodynamics from the microscopic point of view;
c、人们的认识过程是从理论到实践，再到理论的过程； the process of people's cognition is from theory to practice and then to theory;
d、一个都不对； none of them;
23、1个大气压等于___ . one atmosphere is equal to___ .
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25、1845年焦耳完成了气体做自由膨胀的过程，下列哪种说法是正确的？ in 1845 joule completed the process of free expansion of gases, which of the following statements is true?
a、体积增大，压强增大，温度升高； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature goes up;
b、体积增大，压强增大，温度降低； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature goes down;
c、体积增大，压强增大，温度不变； the volume goes up, the pressure goes up, the temperature stays the same;
d、体积增大，压强减小，温度不变； the volume goes up, the pressure goes down, the temperature stays the same;
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a、牛顿；newton;
b、米平方；meters square;
c、焦耳；joule;
d、瓦特；watt;
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30、绝热过程的特征方程为___ . the characteristic equation for the adiabatic process is___ .
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32、对于等压过程，下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true for isobaric processes?
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33、对于理想的双原子分子来说，有___ . for an ideal diatomic molecule, it is ___ .
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34、关于正循环与逆循环，下列说法正确的是___. this statement is correct for both positive and reverse cycles_____.
a、正循环对应的是冷机，逆循环对应的是热机； the positive cycle corresponds to the cooling machine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the heat engine;
b、正循环对应的是热机，逆循环对应的是冷机； the positive cycle corresponds to the heat engine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the cooling machine;
c、正循环对应的是冰箱，逆循环对应的是空调； the positive cycle corresponds to the refrigerator, the reverse cycle corresponds to the air conditioning;
d、正循环对应的是内燃机，逆循环对应的是汽油机； the positive cycle corresponds to the internal combustion engine, and the reverse cycle corresponds to the gasoline engine;
35、奥托循环是由哪几个过程构成的？ what are the processes that make up the otto cycle?
a、两个等温过程，两个绝热过程； two isothermal processes, two adiabatic processes;
b、两个等压过程，两个绝热过程； two isobaric processes, two adiabatic processes;
c、两个等容过程，两个绝热过程； two constant volume processes, two adiabatic processes;
d、两个等温过程，两个等容过程； two isothermal processes, two isothermal processes;
36、在制冷机中十分重要的是节流过程，下列关于节流过程哪种是正确的？ throttling is very important in a refrigerator. which of the following is correct about throttling?
a、氟里昂从大管子流向小管子； freon flows from the big pipe to the small pipe;
b、氟里昂从小管子流向大管子； freon flows from the smaller pipe to the larger pipe;
c、氟里昂从冷管子流向热管子； freon flows from cold pipe to hot pipe;
d、氟里昂不流动； freon does not flow;
37、利用逆向斯特林循环进行计算，从零下77℃的冷库中抓走100j热量，该冷机需要消耗电功多少？ using the reverse sterling cycle to calculate, from minus 77℃ in the cold storage captured 100j of heat, the cooling machine needs to consume much electrical work?
a、531j
b、53.1j
c、5.31j
d、0.531j
38、热力学第二定律，开尔文的说法是___ the second law of thermodynamics, according to kelvin, is this____
a、理想的热机是造得出来的，从单一热源吸热使之全部做功，这样的热机造得出来的； the ideal engine can be made by absorbing heat from a single heat source and doing all the work;
b、理想的热机是造不出来的，从单一热源吸热使之全部做功，而不引起其他的变化，这样的热机造不出来的； the ideal heat engine is made not to come out, make it all work is done from a single heat source, absorption of heat, without causing other changes, such as engine which cannot be made;
c、理想的冷机是造不出来的，热量自动地从高温物体传向低温物体，这样的冷机造不出来的； the ideal cold machine is not built, the heat automatically from the high temperature object to the low temperature object, such a cold machine can not be built;
d、理想的冷机是造得出来的，热量自动地从低温物体传向高温物体，这样的冷机造得出来的； an ideal cooler is one that automatically transfers heat from a cold object to a hot object;
39、关于可逆过程，下列说法哪种是正确的？ which of the following statements is true about reversible processes?
a、每一步都可以沿着相反方向进行，同时不引起外界的任何变化； each step can proceed in the opposite direction without causing any change in the outside world;
b、只要可以沿着相反方向进行； as long as you can go in the opposite direction;
c、只要不引起外界的任何变化； as long as it does not cause any change in the outside world;
d、都不正确； all not true;
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56、振动三要素中的圆频率与频率有什么关系？ what is the relation between the circular frequency and frequency in the three elements of vibration?
a、圆频率是频率的6.28倍； the circular frequency is 6.28 times the frequency;
b、圆频率是频率的3.14倍； the circular frequency is 3.14 times the frequency;
c、频率是圆频率的6.28倍； the frequency is 6.28 times the circular frequency;
d、频率是圆频率的3.14倍； the frequency is 3.14 times the circular frequency;
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a、
b、
c、
d、一个都不是； none of them;
58、单摆运动中的重力矩的作用是____ the action of heavy moment in the movement of simple pendulum is_____
a、有利于偏离竖直线的角度增加； the angle of deviation from the vertical line is increased;
b、不利于偏离竖直线的角度增加； the angle of deviation from the vertical line is not conducive to increase;
c、有时候有利于偏离竖直线的角度增加，有时候不利于偏离竖直线的角度增加；sometimes it is beneficial to increase the angle of deviation from the vertical line, sometimes it is not conducive to increase the angle of deviation from the vertical line;
d、一个都不是； none of them;
59、简谐振动中，振子运动速率的相位与振子位置的相位关系是什么？ in simple harmonic vibration, what is the phase relation between the velocity of the oscillator and the position of the oscillator?
a、相同； the same;
b、相反； on the contrary;
c、超前； ahead;
d、落后； behind;
60、振幅可以通过哪些量求得？ what are the values of the amplitude?
a、初位移、初速率； initial displacement, initial velocity;
b、初位移、初速率、圆频率； initial displacement, initial velocity, circular frequency;
c、位移、速率； displacement and speed;
d、位移、速率、圆频率； displacement, speed, and circular frequency;
61、简谐振动的特征是___ the characteristic of simple harmonic vibration is______
a、等振幅、等周期、等相位； equal amplitude, equal period, equal phase;
b、等振幅、等周期； equal amplitude and equal period;
c、等振幅、等相位； equal amplitude and equal phase;
d、等周期、等相位； equal period, equal phase;
62、参考圆被定义成___ the reference circle is defined as_____
a、半径为振幅、逆时针旋转的模型； the model with radius of amplitude and counterclockwise rotation;
b、直径为振幅、逆时针旋转的模型； the model whose diameter is the amplitude and rotates counterclockwise;
c、半径为振幅、顺时针旋转的模型； the model with a radius of amplitude and a clockwise rotation;
d、直径为振幅、顺时针旋转的模型； the model whose diameter is the amplitude and rotates clockwise;
63、第一个振动比第二个振动超前，等价于___ the first vibration is ahead an to the second vibration that is equal to ____.
a、第一个振动比第二个振动超前； the first vibration is than the second；
b、第二个振动比第一个振动超前； the second one is more advanced than the first one;
c、第二个振动比第一个振动超前； the second vibration is higher than the first vibration;
d、一个都不对； none of them is right;
64、鸟笼问题这个例子中的初相位是____ the beginning phase in this birdcage example is ___
a、大于180度； greater than 180 degrees;
b、小于180度； less than 180 degrees;
c、小于90度； less than 90 degrees;
d、小于45度； \less than 45 degrees;
65、在简谐振动中，质点运动的动能与势能的关系是____ in the simple harmonic vibration, the relationship between the kinetic energy and the potential energy of particle motion is____
a、动能与势能相位相同，同时最大，同时最小； the kinetic energy and the potential energy have the same phase, and at the same time the maximum and the minimum;
b、动能与势能相位相反，一个最大，另一个最小； the phase of kinetic energy is opposite to that of potential energy, with one being the largest and the other the smallest;
c、动能与势能之和是一个常量； the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy is a constant;
d、动能与势能之差是一个常量； the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is a constant;
66、在鱼洗实验中，下列哪个说法是正确的？ in the fish washing experiment, which of the following statements is true?
a、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率越来越接近于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； resonance phenomenon occurs when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is closer and closer to the natural frequency of the fish washer;
b、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率大于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； resonance phenomenon occurs when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is greater than the natural frequency of the fish washer;
c、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率小于鱼洗固有频率时，产生共振现象； when the vibration frequency of the fish washer wall is less than the natural frequency of the fish washer, the resonance phenomenon occurs;
d、当鱼洗器壁的振动频率等于鱼洗固有频率时，不产生共振现象； when the vibration frequency of the wall of the fish washer is equal to the natural frequency of the fish washer, resonance phenomenon does not occur;
67、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、同方向同频率的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency is still simple harmonic oscillations;
b、同方向同振幅的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and with the same amplitude is still simple harmonic oscillation;
c、同方向同初相位的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and in the same initial phase is still simple harmonic oscillations;
d、同振幅同初相位的两个简谐振动合成后的结果仍是简谐振动； the result of two simple harmonic oscillations with the same amplitude and initial phase is still simple harmonic oscillation;
68、为什么强度为的简谐振动与强度为i的简谐振动，叠加后成？ why do simple harmonic oscillations of intensity i and simple harmonic oscillations of intensity add up to ?
a、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed;
b、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的整数倍； because two simple harmonic vibrations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an integer multiple of ;
c、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的奇数倍； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an odd times of ;
d、因为两个同方向同频率简谐振动叠加，且满足相位差为的奇数倍； because two simple harmonic oscillations in the same direction and frequency are superimposed, and the phase difference is an odd times of ;
69、两简谐振动同相加强，反相减弱，如果又不是同相，又不是反相，那么___ if the harmonic vibration of two simplicity is strengthened in the same phase and reduced in the opposite phase, if it is neither in phase nor in opposite phase, then___
a、增强； enhanced;
b、减弱； weakened;
c、介于两者之间； somewhere in between;
d、既增强又减弱； both strengthened and weakened;
70、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、同方向同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic oscillation beat in the same direction and frequency;
b、同方向不同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic vibration composite beat with different frequencies in the same direction;
c、不同方向同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic oscillation beats of the same frequency in different directions;
d、不同方向不同频率两简谐振动合成拍； two simple harmonic vibration composite beat with different directions and different frequencies;
71、下列说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、互相平行的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位相同时，合成直线； two parallel simple harmonic vibration superposition, the initial phase is the same, the synthesis line;
b、互相平行的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位不相同时，合成直线； two parallel simple harmonic vibration superposition, the initial phase is not the same, synthesis of a straight line;
c、互相垂直相同频率的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位相同时，合成直线； two simple harmonic oscillations superposition perpendicular to each other at the same frequency, with the same initial phase, synthesize a straight line;
d、互相垂直相同频率的两个简谐振动叠加，当初相位不相同时，合成直线； two simple harmonic oscillations superposition perpendicular to each other at the same frequency, the original phase is not the same, the resultant line;
72、垂直方向不同频率的两个简谐振动合成李萨如图形，其艺术性表现在光滑流畅优美，其实用性是什么？ two simple harmonic oscillations of different frequencies in the vertical direction are combined to form a lisaru figure. its artistic expression is smooth and graceful. what is its practicality?
a、根据未知频率求已知频率； find the known frequency according to the unknown frequency;
b、根据已知频率通过简单的切点倍数关系求未知频率； according to the known frequency, the unknown frequency can be obtained by simple tangent multiple relation;
c、根据已知频率通过简单的波长倍数关系求未知频率； according to the known frequency, the unknown frequency is obtained through simple wavelength multiple relation;
d、根据已知频率通过简单的时间倍数关系求未知频率； the unknown frequency is obtained by a simple time multiple relation according to the known frequency;
73、机械波形成的条件是___ the condition for mechanical wave formation is that it is ___
a、有波源，不一定要有弹性媒质； if it has a wave source, it doesn't have to have an elastic medium;
b、有波源，一定要有弹性媒质； if there is a wave source, there must be an elastic medium;
c、不一定要有波源，但一定要有弹性媒质； it doesn't have to have a wave source, but it does have to have an elastic medium;
d、不一定要有波源，也不一定要有弹性媒质； it doesn't have to have a wave source, it doesn't have to have an elastic medium;
74、关于横波与纵波 for transverse wave and longitudinal wave
a、振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为纵波； where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave, and where the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
b、振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为纵波； where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave, and where the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
c、振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为纵波； if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave; if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
d、振动方向与传播方向相互垂直的为横波，振动方向与传播方向相互平行的为纵波； if the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is transverse wave; if the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation, it is longitudinal wave;
75、关于振动曲线与波形图曲线 about vibration curve and waveform curve
a、
b、
c、
d、
76、关于波面与波线 about wave surface and wave line
a、波面处处与波线平行； the wave surface is parallel to the wave line everywhere;
b、波面处处与波线不一定平行； the wave surface is not always parallel to the wave line;
c、波面处处与波线垂直； the wave surface is everywhere perpendicular to the wave line;
d、波面处处与波线不一定垂直； the wave surface is not always perpendicular to the wave line;
77、
a、
b、
c、
d、
78、关于横波与纵波的表示 the representation of transverse wave and longitudinal wave
a、
b、
c、
d、
79、已知某质点的振动曲线，要求写波动方程，其振幅可以直接从曲线上读出，圆频率与初相位可以通过____来判定。 given the vibration curve of a particle, the wave equation is required to be written. the amplitude can be read out directly from the curve. the frequency of a circle and the initial phase can be determined by_____.
a、直角坐标系； rectangular coordinate system;
b、球坐标系； spherical coordinate system;
c、柱坐标系； cylindrical coordinate system;
d、参考圆； reference circle;
80、已知波形图求波动方程， given the waveform figure to find the wave equation,
a、
b、
c、
d、一个都不是； none of them;
81、横波用___表示；纵波用____表示； the shear wave is denoted by ____ ; the longitudinal wave is denoted by ____ ;
a、
b、
c、
d、
82、相干的条件是， the coherence condition is,
a、振动方向相同，振动初相位相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration direction is the same, the initial phase is the same, and the initial phase difference is constant.
b、振动振幅相同，振动频率相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration amplitude is the same, the vibration frequency is the same, the initial phase difference is constant;
c、振动振幅相同，振动初相位相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration amplitude is the same, the initial phase is the same, and the initial phase difference is constant.
d、振动方向相同，振动频率相同，初相位差恒定； the vibration direction is the same, the vibration frequency is the same, the initial phase difference is constant;
83、波速等于______ . the velocity of wave is equal to______ .
a、频率乘以波长的平方； frequency times wavelength squared;
b、频率除以波长； frequency divided by wavelength;
c、波长除以频率； wavelength divided by frequency;
d、频率乘以波长； frequency times wavelength;
84、
a、
b、
c、
d、
85、波在传播过程中，任一质元的____ . in the course of wave transmission, of any commodity____.
a、动能加势能是常量； kinetic energy plus potential energy is constant;
b、动能乘以势能是常量； kinetic energy times potential energy is constant;
c、动能除以势能是常量； kinetic energy divided by potential energy is constant;
d、动能减去势能是零； kinetic energy minus potential energy is zero;
86、波在传播过程中， as the wave travels,
a、一直吸收能量； you keep absorbing energy;
b、一直放出能量； it keeps giving off energy;
c、到平衡位置前吸收能量，到平衡位置后放出能量； energy is absorbed before reaching the equilibrium position and released after reaching the equilibrium position;
d、到平衡位置前放出能量，到平衡位置后吸收能量； energy is released before reaching the equilibrium position and absorbed after reaching the equilibrium position;
87、平面波与球面波的差别是， the difference between a plane wave and a spherical wave is,
a、球面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等，平面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is equal, while the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
b、球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等； the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal, and the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is equal;
c、平面波同一组波线穿过的面积相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is equal, while the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
d、平面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等，球面波同一组波线穿过的面积不相等； the area of a plane wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal, and the area of a spherical wave through the same set of wave lines is not equal;
88、根据惠更斯原理， according to huygens' principle,
a、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波线； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front. the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave line;
b、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波面； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front, and the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave surface;
c、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波前； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front. the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave front;
d、行进中的波可以看成是很多子波，各自向前方传播，相位相同的子波连接起来构成的包络面，称为波源； the traveling wave can be regarded as a number of wavelets, each propagating to the front, and the wavelets with the same phase are connected to form the envelope surface, which is called the wave source;
89、波沿着传播方向传播得越远，则____ the further the wave travels along the direction of propagation, then ____
a、相位越落后； the further out of phase;
b、相位不变； phase invariant;
c、相位越超前； the more advanced the phase is;
d、一个也不对； not one of them is right;
90、
a、
b、
c、
d、
91、驻波是两列传播方向相反等幅的波叠加而成的，其特征一是____ . standing wave is superposed by two columns of waves of equal amplitude in opposite directions of propagation. its characteristic is:_____.
a、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相同的振幅； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has the same amplitude;
b、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相同的相位； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has the same phase;
c、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有相反的相位； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has opposite phase;
d、相邻两个波节之间的所有质元振动具有不同的频率； the vibration of all elements between two adjacent nodes has different frequencies;
92、驻波是两列传播方向相反等幅的波叠加而成的，其特征二是____ . standing wave is the superposition of two columns of waves of equal amplitude in opposite directions of propagation.
a、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相同的振幅； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has the same amplitude;
b、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相同的相位； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has the same phase;
c、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有相反的相位； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has opposite phase;
d、一个波节两侧的质元振动具有不同的频率； the vibration of the mass element on both sides of a node has different frequencies;
93、
a、这种驻波为悬梁型； this kind of standing wave is a suspended beam type;
b、这种驻波为两端固定型； the standing wave is fixed at both ends;
c、这种驻波为端点到波节最短距离为波长； the standing wave is the wavelength with the shortest distance from the end point to the node;
d、这种驻波为端点到波节最短距离为四分之一波长； this kind of standing wave is the shortest distance from the end point to the node is a quarter of the wavelength;
94、下列哪种说法是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、波从波疏媒质向波密媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的透射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-thin medium to a wave-dense medium, the transmitted wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
b、波从波疏媒质向波密媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的反射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-thin medium to a wave-dense medium, the reflected wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
c、波从波密媒质向波疏媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的透射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-dense medium to a wave-thin medium, the transmitted wave at the interface has a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
d、波从波密媒质向波疏媒质传播过程中， 在界面上的反射波出现相位pi的突变，称为半波损失； when a wave propagates from a wave-dense medium to a wave-thin medium, the reflected wave at the interface shows a sudden change of phase pi, which is called half wave loss;
95、弦驻波是属于_____ a standing wave of a string is a member of ____
a、有半波损失的端点是悬梁型驻波； the end point with half wave loss is the standing wave of suspension beam type;
b、有半波损失的端点是固定型驻波； the endpoint with half - wave loss is a stationary standing wave;
c、无半波损失的端点是悬梁型驻波； the end point without half - wave loss is the standing wave of cantilever type;
d、无半波损失的端点是固定型驻波； the endpoint without half - wave loss is a stationary standing wave;
96、
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大学物理（下）期末考试 (college physics ii final exam)大学物理（下）期末考试 (college physics ii exam)1、 a vessel of volume v contains ideal oxygen at a pressure of p. the internal energy of oxygen is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
2、下列不属于绝热过程的过程方程是___ the following process equations that do not belong to adiabatic process are___
a、
b、
c、
d、
3、有一台效率为50%的卡诺热机，已知其工作的低温热源温度为27℃，则高温热源的温度为___ there is a carnot heat engine with an efficiency of 50%. it is known that the temperature of the low-temperature heat source is 27 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat source is___
a、54℃
b、300℃
c、327℃
d、600℃
4、 two stubbornness coefficients are the same. the springs are connected in parallel. if one end is fixed and a weight of mass is hung on the other end to form a vertical spring resonator, the vibration period of the system is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
5、 the expression of a mechanical wave is (si). the following statement is correct___
a、振幅为3cm； amplitude is 3cm;
b、波速为10m/s； velocity is 10m /s;
c、周期为1s/3 ； period is 1s/3;
d、波长为100m； wavelength is 100m;
6、
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、
a、68.0nm
b、99.6nm
c、199.2nm
d、149.4nm
8、要使一束线偏振光通过偏振片之后振动方向转过90°，则这束光___ to make a beam of linearly polarized light pass through the polarizer and turn the direction of vibration 90 °, the beam___
a、至少需要通过1块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的1/2倍； at least one ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 1 / 2 of the original one;
b、至少需要通过2块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的1/4倍； at least 2 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 1 / 4 of the original one;
c、至少需要通过3块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的27/64倍； at least 3 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 27/64 of the original one;
d、至少需要通过4块理想的偏振片，此时透射光强最大是原来光强的4/5倍； at least 4 ideal polarizer is needed, and the maximum transmitted light intensity is 4/5 of the original one;
9、
a、
b、
c、
d、
10、
a、1.51ev
b、2.40ev
c、2.16ev
d、1.89ev
11、
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16、
17、 there is a natural light in the air. when it is irradiated on the surface of a medium at an incidence angle of 53 °, it is found that the reflected light is fully polarized, and the refracted light is partially polarized, so the refractive index of the medium is___
18、
19、
20、
大学物理（下）期末考试 (physics ii exam)1、
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大学物理（上）期末考试 (college physics i final exam)大学物理（上）期末考试客观题 (objective question)1、
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5、一飞轮以每分钟1500转的转速转动，受制动50秒后静止。则从制动开始到静止飞轮转过的转数为___ a flywheel rotates at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute and stops after being braked for 50 seconds. the number of revolutions from the start of braking to the rotation of stationary flywheel is ___
a、 0 review
b、 625 reviews
c、 750 reviews
d、 1500 reviews
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大学物理（上）期末考试主观题 (sq)1、
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9、 when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field in parallel with the magnetic induction line, it makes _____ motion; when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field in vertical direction, it makes ______ motion; when a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field at any angle with the magnetic induction line, it makes ______ motion.
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大学物理（上）期中考试 (college physics i mid-term exam)大学物理（上）期中考试 (college physics i mid )1、地球质量是多少？ what is the mass of the earth?
a、
b、
c、
d、
2、国际单位制也叫___ the international system of units is also called___
a、se制 (se system)
b、sf制 (sf system)
c、千克米秒 (kg m s system)
d、千克摩尔安培制 (kg mol a system)
3、
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b、
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5、质点指的是___ a particle is a___
a、很小的质量的模型 very small mass model
b、很大的质量的模型 very large mass model
c、不大不小的质量的模型 a model of moderate mass
d、只考虑质量，不考虑形状的模型 a model that considers only the mass and not the shape
6、瞬时速度就是___ the instantaneous velocity is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、求解运动学问题，为什么需要初始条件？ why do we need initial conditions to solve the kinematics problem?
a、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使不定积分变成定积分； the initial conditions are used to determine the integral constant so that the antiderivative becomes a definite integral;
b、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使定积分变成不定积分； the initial condition is used to determine the integral constant so that the definite integral becomes the antiderivative;
c、初始条件用于确定初始速度； the initial conditions are used to determine the initial velocity;
d、初始条件用于确定初始位置； initial conditions are used to determine the initial position;
8、下列说法哪种是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、抛体运动的共同特点是___ the common feature of projectile motion is that___
a、
b、
c、
d、
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11、在自然坐标系中的速率为___ the rate in natural coordinates is equal to___
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、牛顿第一定律，是___ newton's third law is___
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
13、牛顿第二定律，是___ newton's third law is___;
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
14、牛顿第三定律，是___ newton's third law is___
a、惯性定律； law of inertia;
b、f=ma;
c、作用力与反作用力定律； law of action and reaction;
d、动量守恒定律； law of conservation of momentum;
15、在常见的三种力中，第一种是万有引力，万有引力与重力的关系是___ of the three common forces, the first is universal gravitation, and the relationship between universal gravitation and gravity is___
a、重力是万有引力中特殊的一种力，重力属于万有引力； gravity is a special force in the universal gravitation, gravity belongs to the universal gravitation;
b、重力就是万有引力，万有引力就是重力； gravity is universal gravitation, and universal gravitation is gravity;
c、重力不是万有引力，重力与万有引力是两种力； gravity is not universal gravitation, gravity and universal gravitation are two kinds of forces;
d、以上都不对； none of the above is true;
16、万有引力常数的单位是___ the units of the universal gravitation constant are___
a、
b、
c、
d、
17、以下说法正确的是___ the following statement is correct___
a、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，书本压桌面的力不是弹性力； the spring force is the elastic force, the book pressure table is not the elastic force;
b、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力不是弹性力； the spring force is an elastic force, the force pulling the rope is not an elastic force;
c、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力是弹性力，甲乙两人各用200n的力拉一根绳子，绳子中的张力为400n； the spring's spring force is the elastic force, the pull on the rope is the elastic force, a two people each pull a rope with the force of 200n, the tension in the rope is 400n;
d、弹簧的弹力是弹性力，拉绳子的力是弹性力，甲乙两人各用200n的力拉一根绳子，绳子中的张力为200n; the spring's spring force is the elastic force, the pull on the rope is the elastic force, a two people each pull a rope with the force of 200n, the tension in the rope is 200n;
18、求一个函数的极大值，通常用的方法是___ the usual way to find the maximum of a function is___
a、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数小于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is less than zero;
b、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数大于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is greater than zero;
c、一阶导数等于零，二阶导数等于零； the first derivative is zero, the second derivative is zero;
d、一阶导数等于零; the first derivative is zero;
19、质点动力学解题的一般方法是___ the general way to do particle dynamics is___
a、选取研究对象； select research object;
b、选取研究对象；独立受力分析； select the research object; independent force analysis;
c、选取研究对象；独立受力分析；选取坐标系； select the research object; independent force analysis; select the coordinate system;
d、选取研究对象；独立受力分析；选取坐标系；列方程求解； select the research object; independent force analysis; select the coordinate system; solving equations;
20、
a、
b、
c、
d、
21、
a、
b、
c、
d、
22、
a、
b、
c、
d、
23、
a、
b、
c、
d、
24、
a、
b、
c、
d、
25、功的单位___ the unit of work___
a、牛顿 n
b、牛顿·米 n · m
c、牛顿·米·秒 n · m· s
d、焦耳·米·秒 j · m · s
26、功率可以表示成___ power can be represented as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、质点动能定理，说的是___ the kinetic energy theorem for particles says___
a、合外力所做的功等于质点动能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the kinetic energy of the particle;
b、合外力所做的功等于质点势能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the potential energy of the particle;
c、合外力所做的功等于质点机械能的增加； the work done by the external force is equal to the increase of the mechanical energy of the particle;
d、以上一个也不对； neither of the above is true;
28、重力做功等于___ the work done by gravity is equal to___
a、质点重力势能的增加； the increase of gravitational potential energy at the particle；
b、质点重力势能增加的相反数； negative increase of gravitational potential energy of particle;
c、质点重力机械能的增加； increase of gravitational mechanical energy of particle;
d、质点重力机械能增加的相反数； the negative increase of the gravitational mechanical energy of the particle;
29、万有引力做功等于___ the work done by universal gravitation is equal to___
a、万有引力势能的增加； the increase of universal gravitation potential energy;
b、万有引力势能增加的相反数； the negative of the increase of universal gravitation potential energy;
c、弹性势能的增加； the increase of elastic potential energy;
d、弹性势能增加的相反数； the negative of the increase in the elastic potential energy;
30、关于内能做功，以下说法正确的是___ the following statement about internal energy doing work is true___
a、荡秋千时，会荡秋千的人到最高点时站直，到最低点时蹲下，秋千会越荡越高； when playing on a swing, the person who plays on a swing will stand up straight at the highest point and squat down at the lowest point;
b、荡秋千时，会荡秋千的人到最高点时蹲下，到最低点时站直，秋千会越荡越高； when playing on a swing, the person who plays on a swing will crouch down at the highest point and stand up straight at the lowest point. the swing will go higher and higher;
c、荡秋千时，不会荡秋千的人到最高点时站直，到最低点时蹲下，秋千会逐渐停止； in a swing, those who can't swing will stand up straight at the top and squat down at the bottom;
d、以上都不对； none of the above is true;
31、以下说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统机械能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved;
b、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统动能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
c、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和等于0，系统势能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the external force and the non-conservative internal force is equal to 0, the system potential energy is conserved.
d、当合外力与非保守内力做功之和大于0，系统机械能守恒； when the sum of the work done by the combined external force and the non-conservative internal force is greater than 0, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved;
32、关于功，以下说法正确的是___ the following statement about work is true___
a、功是能量交换或者变化过程中的度量； work is a measure of energy exchange or change;
b、功是单位是牛顿； work is in newtons;
c、功是矢量； work is a vector quantity;
d、功是动能； work is kinetic energy;
33、第一宇宙速度是___ the first cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
34、第二宇宙速度是___ the second cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
35、第三宇宙速度是___ the third cosmic velocity is ____
a、
b、
c、
d、
36、冲量是___ impulse is ___
a、力的空间积累效应； spatial accumulation effect of forces;
b、力的时间积累效应； time accumulation effect of force;
c、力的时间和空间积累效应； time and space accumulation effect of force;
d、势能积累效应； potential energy accumulation effect;
37、质点动量定理说的是， the particle momentum theorem says,
a、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点动能的增量； the impulse of internal and external forces over a period of time is equal to the increment of kinetic energy of the particle;
b、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点势能的增量； the impulse of the internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of the potential energy of the particle;
c、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点机械能的增量； the impulse of internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the particle;
d、一段时间内外力作用的冲量等于质点动量的增量； the impulse of internal and external force over a period of time is equal to the increment of momentum of the particle;
38、质点系的动量定理，说的是___ the momentum theorem for particle systems says___
a、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系动量的增量； the momentum of particle system is equal to the momentum increment of particle system;
b、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系动能的增量； the impulse of particle system is equal to the increment of kinetic energy of particle system;
c、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系势能的增量； the impulse of the particle system is equal to the increment of the potential energy of the particle system;
d、质点系合外力的冲量，等于质点系机械能的增量； the impulse of particle system combined with external force is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of particle system;
39、动量守恒的条件是___ the condition for momentum conservation is ___
a、合外力矩等于0； the net outside moment of force is equal to 0;
b、合外力大于0； the net outside force is greater than 0;
c、合外力等于0； the net outside force is equal to 0;
d、合外力小于0； the net outside force is less than 0;
40、关于弹性碰撞， in terms of elastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
41、关于完全非弹性碰撞， for completely inelastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
42、关于一般非弹性碰撞， for general inelastic collisions,
a、动量守恒，动能守恒； momentum conservation, kinetic energy conservation;
b、动量守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
c、动量不守恒，动能守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is conserved;
d、动量不守恒，动能不守恒； momentum is not conserved, kinetic energy is not conserved;
43、
a、
b、
c、
d、以上一个都不是； none of the above;
44、转动定律说的是___ the rotation law says
a、
b、
c、
d、
45、
a、
b、
c、
d、
46、
a、
b、
c、
d、
47、
a、
b、
c、
d、
48、力矩做功的功率为___ the power of moment doing work per unit time is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
49、
a、
b、
c、
d、
50、绕定轴转动的动量矩对时间的一阶导数，等于作用在刚体上所有外力对轴的力矩的代数和，称为___ the first derivative of the moment of momentum with respect to time of rotation about the fixed-axis is equal to the algebraic sum of the moment of force on the axis acting on the rigid-body, it is ___
a、刚体绕定轴转动的动量矩定理； theorem of moment of momentum for rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
b、刚体绕定轴转动的动量定理； momentum theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
c、刚体绕定轴转动的动能定理； kinetic energy theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
d、刚体绕定轴转动的力矩定理； the moment theorem of rigid-body rotating about fixed-axis;
51、
a、
b、
c、
d、
52、
a、0转； 0;
b、625转； 625;
c、750转； 750;
d、1500转； 1500;
53、
a、
b、
c、
d、
54、
a、
b、
c、
d、
55、
a、
b、
c、
d、
56、
a、可能追上；it is possible to catch up;
b、不可能追上； it is impossible to catch up;
c、0
d、0
57、
a、不可能击中；impossible to hit;
b、可能击中； the likelihood of hitting;
c、0
d、0
58、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
59、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
60、
a、0.5m;
b、1m;
c、0
d、0
61、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
62、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
63、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
64、
a、动量矩守恒，机械能守恒； conservation of moment of momentum; conservation of mechanical energy;
b、动量守恒，机械能守恒； conservation of momentum; conservation of mechanical energy;
c、0
d、0
65、
a、可以用动量守恒定律做； it can be done using the law of conservation of momentum;
b、只能用动量矩守恒定律做； it can only be done with the law of conservation of moment of momentum;
c、0
d、0
66、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
67、质量为m的人，携带着质量为m的沙包跳远，若跳至最高点时，向后扔出沙包，则跳远成绩提高量____ the mass of m people, with the mass of m sandbag long jump, if jump to the highest point, throw back out of the sandbag, the long jump performance is improved as___
a、正比于沙包质量，正比于扔出沙包时的相对速度； proportional to the mass of the sandbag, proportional to the relative velocity when the sandbag is thrown;
b、正比于沙包质量，正比于扔出沙包时的相对速度的平方； proportional to the mass of the sandbag and proportional to the square of the relative velocity when the sandbag is thrown;
c、0
d、0
68、
a、能 can
b、不能 can't
c、0
d、0
69、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
70、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
71、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
72、当外力矩为零时，质点动量矩守恒。例如行星绕太阳旋转，电子绕原子核旋转等，因为种种原因外力矩为零，故质点动量矩守恒。 when the moment of external force is zero, the momentum moment of mass is conserved. for example, planets revolve around the sun, electrons revolve around the nucleus, etc., because of various reasons the moment of external force is zero, so the momentum moment of mass is conserved.
a、不对； false;
b、对 true;
c、0
d、0
73、当作用在质点系上所有外力对某一固定轴的力矩之和为零，则质点系对该轴的动量矩保持不变。例如花样滑冰表演者，可以绕通过重心的铅垂轴高速旋转，也可以展开双臂缓慢旋转，在这一过程中，摩擦力矩可以忽略，因此表演者对旋转轴的动量矩守恒。 when the sum of all the moments of force acting on a fixed axis on the particle system is zero, the moment of force of the particle system on the fixed axis remains constant. a figure skater, for example, can spin at high speed around a plumb axis passing through the center of gravity or slowly rotate his arms. in this process, the friction moment of force can be ignored, so the moment of motion of the skater toward the axis of rotation is conserved.
a、不对； false;
b、对 true;
c、0
d、0
74、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
75、
a、动量不守恒，机械能守恒； momentum is not conserved; mechanical energy is conserved;
b、动量守恒，机械能不守恒； momentum is conserved; mechanical energy is not conserved;
c、0
d、0
76、
a、q正好达到原来p的速度； the velocity of q is exactly the same as that of p;
b、p与q的速度相等； the velocity of p is the same as that of q;
c、0
d、0
77、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
78、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
79、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
80、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
81、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
82、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
83、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
84、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
85、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
86、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
87、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
88、
a、动量； momentum;
b、角动量； angular momentum;
c、0
d、0
89、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
90、
a、250n;
b、100n;
c、0
d、0
91、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
92、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
93、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
94、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
95、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
96、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
97、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
98、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
99、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
100、
a、是； yes;
b、不是； not;
c、0
d、0
稳恒磁场与电磁感应部分平时测验(steady magnetic field and electromagnetic induction test)稳恒磁场与电磁感应部分平时测验(test for b)1、
a、
b、
c、
d、
2、洛仑兹力表示成___ lorentz force is represented as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
3、
a、
b、
c、
d、
4、
a、
b、
c、
d、
5、
a、
b、
c、
d、
6、
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、安培环路定理，正确有表示为___ the ampere loop theorem, correctly expressed as___
a、
b、
c、
d、
8、
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、
a、
b、
c、
d、
10、
a、
b、
c、
d、
11、
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、
a、a点与b点等电位; the equipotential between point a and point b;
b、a点比b点电位高; the potential at point a is higher than that at point b;
c、a点比b点电位低； the potential at point a is lower than that at point b;
d、无法确定； cannot be determined;
13、
a、向左偏转； deflection to the left ;
b、向右偏转； deflection to the right ;
c、不偏转； no deflection;
d、可能向左偏转，也可能向右偏转； it may deflect to the left or to the right;
14、导体切割磁场线，没有构成闭合回路的话，那么___ the conductor cuts the magnetic field line without forming a closed loop, then___
a、没有感应电流，没有电动势； no induced current, no electromotive force;
b、没有感应电流，有电动势； there is no induced current and there is an electromotive force;
c、有感应电流，没有电动势； there is an induced current and no electromotive force;
d、有感应电流，有电动势； there is an induced current and an electromotive force;
15、感应电流的效果总是____ . the effect of the inductive current is always___.
a、总是反抗引起感应电流的原因； always resist the cause of induced current;
b、总是增强引起感应电流的原因； always enhance the cause of induced current;
c、有时反抗有时增强引起感应电流的原因； sometimes resist and sometimes enhance the cause of induced current;
d、或者反抗或者增强引起感应电流的原因； either resist or enhance the cause of induced current;
16、电动势实际上是一种能力，就是___ electromotive force is actually an ability about ___
a、把正电荷从正极搬运到负极； transfer of positive charges from the positive to the negative poles;
b、把负电荷从负极搬运到正极； transfer of negative charges from the negative to the positive poles;
c、把正电荷从正极搬运到正极； transfer of positive charge from the positive pole to the positive pole;
d、把正电荷从负极搬运到正极； transfer of positive charges from the negative to the positive;
17、感应电动势包括感生电动势和动生电动势，下列说法哪个是正确的？ induction electromotive force includes induced electromotive force and motional electromotive force, which of the following statements is true?
a、由于磁场变而产生的电动势不是感生电动势； the electromotive force due to the change of magnetic field is not induced electromotive force;
b、由于线圈（导体）动产生的电动势是动生电动势； the electromotive force produced by the coil (conductor) is motional electromotive force.
c、由于磁场变而产生的电动势是动生电动势； the electromotive force due to the change of magnetic field is motional electromotive force.
d、由于线圈（导体）动产生的电动势不是动生电动势； the electromotive force due to coil (conductor) motion is not motional electromotive force;
18、
a、
b、
c、
d、
19、
a、
b、
c、
d、
20、以下说法哪个是正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、涡旋电场来自于变化的电场； the vortex electric field is derived from a varying electric field;
b、涡旋电场来自于变化的磁场； the vortex electric field is derived from a changing magnetic field;
c、静电场来自于变化的电场； the electrostatic field is derived from a varying electric field;
d、静电场来自于变化的磁场； the electrostatic field is derived from a varying magnetic field;
21、自感系数l与___有关系？ what does the coefficient of self induction have to do with?
a、线圈的体积； the volume of the coil;
b、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数； the volume of the coil and the number of turns per unit length;
c、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯； the volume of the coil, the number of turns per unit length, and whether or not an iron core is inserted;
d、线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯、是否通有电流； the volume of the coil, the number of turns per unit length, whether an iron core is inserted, and whether a current is on;
22、互感系数m与___有关系？ is mutual inductance m related to it?
a、各线圈的体积； the volume of each coil;
b、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数； the volume of each coil and the number of turns per unit length;
c、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯； the volume of each coil, the number of turns per unit length, and whether or not an iron core is inserted;
d、各线圈的体积、单位长度上的匝数、是否插入铁芯以及两线圈的相对位置； the volume of each coil, the number of turns per unit length, whether the iron core is inserted, and the relative positions of the two coils;
23、
a、
b、
c、
d、
24、
a、
b、
c、
d、
25、
a、
b、
c、
d、
26、
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、
a、
b、
c、
d、
28、
a、
b、
c、
d、
29、
a、
b、
c、
d、
30、
a、
b、
c、
d、
31、
a、
b、
c、
d、
32、
a、水平向右； horizontal to the right;
b、水平向左； horizontal to the left;
c、垂直纸面向外； facing out of the paper vertically;
d、垂直纸面向里； vertical to the inside of the paper;
33、
a、
b、
c、
d、
34、
a、可能顺时针也可能逆时针； may be clockwise or counterclockwise;
b、可能从左向右也可能从右向左； may be from left to right or from right to left;
c、从左向右； from left to right;
d、从右向左； from right to left;
35、
a、c点电势高； high potential at point c;
b、d点电势高； high potential at point d;
c、c点电势与d点电势一样高； the potential at point c is as high as that at point d;
d、可能c点电势高，也可能d点电势高； the potential may be high at point c or at point d;
36、
a、
b、
c、
d、
37、
a、
b、
c、
d、
38、
a、
b、
c、
d、
39、
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d、
40、
a、
b、
c、
d、
41、
a、
b、
c、
d、
42、一带电粒子平行磁感应线射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； if a parallel magnetic induction line of the electric particle is injected into the uniform magnetic field, it will move ___.
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、螺线； spiral;
43、一带电粒子垂直磁感应线射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； with the electric particle vertical magnetic induction line into the uniform magnetic field, it makes ___motion;
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、螺线； spiral;
44、一带电粒子与磁感应线成任意角度射入匀强磁场，则它作___运动； if the electric particle and the magnetic induction line are injected into the uniform magnetic field at any angle, it will do ___ motion.
a、直线； straight lines;
b、变速率圆周； speed change rate of the circumference;
c、匀速率圆周； uniform speed of the circumference;
d、（d）螺线； spiral;
45、
a、
b、
c、
d、
46、
a、
b、
c、
d、
47、
a、方向垂直于纸面向里； the direction is perpendicular to the inside of the paper;
b、方向垂直于纸面向外； orientation perpendicular to the outside of the paper;
c、水平向右； horizontal to the right;
d、水平向左； horizontal to the left;
48、
a、
b、
c、
d、
49、
a、
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50、
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d、
静电场部分平时测验(the electrostatic field section is normally tested)静电场部分平时测验(the electrostatic field tested)1、如果要将一带电体看作点电荷，则该带电体的___ if an electric body is to be regarded as a point charge, then the charged body is___
a、线度很小； the linearity is small;
b、电荷呈球形分布； the charge is spherical;
c、线度远小于其它有关长度； the linearity is much less than the other relevant length;
d、电量很小； the electric quantity is very small;
2、
a、
b、
c、
d、
3、库仑力与万有引力之间的关系是___ the relationship between the coulomb force and the universal gravitation force is___
a、都与距离平方成反比 it's inversely proportional to the square of the distance
b、都是吸引力 it's all attraction
c、都是排斥力 it's all repulsive
d、又可能是吸引力又可能是排斥力 it could be attraction or it could be repulsion
4、电场强度是矢量，其单位是___ the intensity of the electric field is a vector, and the unit is___
a、v
b、v/m
c、v·m
d、a/m
5、电场强度的单位是___ the unit of electric field intensity are___
a、牛顿/库仑 n/c
b、牛顿/米 n/m
c、库仑/米 c/m
d、库仑/牛顿 c/n
6、
a、
b、
c、
d、
7、关于高斯定理，下列哪一说法正确的？ which of the following statements is true about gauss theorem?
a、高斯定理只适用于长直通电导线 gauss theorem applies only to long straight wires
b、高斯定理只适用于球对称性问题的求解 gauss theorem is only applicable to the solution of spherical symmetry problem
c、高斯定理适用于一切静电场，但是真正能求解的问题局限于对称性好的问题 gauss theorem is applicable to all electrostatic fields, but the problems that can be solved are limited to problems with good symmetry
d、高斯定理适用于一切静电场和涡旋电场 gauss theorem is applicable to all electrostatic fields and eddy electric fields
8、电通量的单位是___ the unit of electric flux is___
a、
b、
c、
d、
9、关于高斯定理，下列说法正确的是___ on gauss theorem, the following statement is correct___
a、适合于一切电场； suitable for all electric fields;
b、适合于一切涡旋电场； suitable for all vortex electric fields;
c、适合于一切静电场； suitable for all electrostatic fields;
d、只适合于球对称性的静电场； the electrostatic field is only suitable for spherical symmetry;
10、
a、
b、
c、
d、
11、
a、
b、
c、
d、
12、电场线处处平行的区域为什么是匀强电场？ why is the area where the electric field line is parallel everywhere uniform electric field?
a、利用高斯定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明不同电场线上的场 强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
b、利用高斯定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明同一电场线上的场强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of same electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
c、利用高斯定理可以证明不同电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用静电场环路定理可以证明不同电场线上的场强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the different electric field line is equal by using gauss theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
d、利用静电场环路定理可以证明同一电场线各点的电场强度相等；利用高斯定理可以证明不同电场线上的场 强相等，故电场线处处平行的区域一定是匀强电场； it can be proved that the electric field intensity of each point of the same electric field line is equal by using electrostatic field loop theorem, and the electric field intensity of different electric field lines is equal by using gauss theorem, so the area where the electric field lines are parallel everywhere must be uniform electric field;
13、
a、点电荷； point charge;
b、半径为r的均匀带电球面； uniformly charged sphere of radius r;
c、半径为r的均匀带电球体； uniformly charged sphere of radius r;
d、无限长均匀带电直线； uniformly charged lines of infinite length;
14、
a、
b、
c、
d、
15、电势的单位是____ the unit of electric potential is____
a、a
b、j
c、v
d、n
16、静电场中某点p处电势的数值等于___ the value of the potential at some point p in the electrostatic field is equal to___
a、试验电荷q0置于p点时具有的电势能； the potential energy of the test charge q0 at point p;
b、单位试验电荷置于p点时具有的电势能； the electric potential energy of the unit test charge at point p;
c、单位正电荷置于p点时具有的电势能； the electric potential energy of a unit positive charge at point p;
d、把单位正电荷从p点移到电势零点时外力所作的功； the work done by the external force when the unit positive charge is moved from p to zero of the electric potential;
17、
a、
b、
c、
d、
18、
a、
b、
c、
d、
19、
a、
b、
c、
d、
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b、
c、
d、
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a、
b、
c、
d、
24、地球那么大的导体电容为___ the earth's conductor capacitance is___
a、0.71mf；
b、1.42mf；
c、2.13mf；
d、4.26mf；
25、
a、
b、
c、
d、
26、
a、
b、
c、
d、
27、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的调和平均；the total capacitance of the shunt capacitance is the harmonic average of the capacitance values;
b、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of the parallel capacitance is the arithmetic average of the capacitance values;
c、并联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of the parallel capacitance is the arithmetic average of the capacitance values;
d、串联电容的总电容是各电容值的算术平均； the total capacitance of series capacitance is the arithmetic average of each capacitance value;
28、下列说法哪个正确的？ which of the following statements is true?
a、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电场强度的平方； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the square of the electric field intensity;
b、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电场强度； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the strength of the electric field;
c、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电势的平方； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the potential squared;
d、电容单位体积内的储存的能量，正比于电势； the energy stored per unit volume of capacitance is proportional to the potential;
29、以下说法中哪一种是正确的? which of the following statements is true?
a、电场中某点电场强度的方向，就是试验电荷在该点所受电场力的方向； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field, is the direction of the electric field force on the test charge at that point
b、电场中某点电场强度的方向可由e=f/q0确定，其中q0为试验电荷的电量，q0可正、可负，f为试验电荷所受的电场力； the direction of the electric field intensity at a certain point in the electric field can be determined by e=f/q0, where q0 is the electric charge of the test charge, q0 can be positive or negative, and f is the electric field force of the test charge
c、在以点电荷为中心的球面上，由该点电荷所产生的电场强度处处相同； on a sphere centered on a point charge, the intensity of the electric field generated by that point charge is the same everywhere
d、以上说法都不正确； none of the above is true;
30、
a、高斯面内电荷的代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of the charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must be zero everywhere
b、高斯面内的电荷代数和为零时，高斯面上各点场强不一定处处为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane is not necessarily zero everywhere
c、高斯面内的电荷代数和不为零时，高斯面上各点场强一定处处不为零； when the algebraic sum of charges in the gaussian plane is not zero, the field strength of each point on the gaussian plane must not be zero everywhere
d、高斯面内无电荷时，高斯面上各点场强一定为零； when there is no charge in the gaussian surface, the field strength of each point on the gaussian surface must be zero;
31、在某一静电场中，任意两点p1和p2之间的电势差决定于___ in an electrostatic field, the potential difference between p1 and p2 at any two points depends on___
a、p1点的位置； the position of point p1;
b、p2点的位置； the location of point p2;
c、p1和p2两点的位置； the positions of p1 and p2;
d、p1和p2两点处的电场强度的大小和方向； the magnitude and direction of the electric field intensity at the points p1 and p2;
32、
a、
b、
c、
d、
33、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
34、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
35、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
36、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
37、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
38、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
39、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
40、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
41、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
42、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
43、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
44、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
45、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
46、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
47、
a、稳定平衡； stable equilibrium;
b、不稳定平衡； unstable equilibrium;
c、0
d、0
48、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
49、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
50、
a、
b、
c、0
d、0
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