01 the making of chinese confucian tradition 中国儒家传统的形成
the making of chinese confucian tradition 中国儒家传统的形成 单元测验
1、ren, or humaneness, as an important principle of confucianism, refers to _____________________. a、a supreme ethical ideal that is connected with the universal way b、love and concern for others c、a principle of virtuous social governance d、all of the above
2、the kingly way of mencius refers to ______________________. a、the idea that a king could do whatever he likes b、a humane government in which a benevolent ruler treats his subjects kindly and ensure that the people would be able to live a happy life c、the road specifically built for the king d、the lifestyle of the ancient kings
3、the following statements concerning xun zi’s idea about human nature are all correct except ____________________. a、people are born with a conflicting mixture of desires that if allowed unfettered reign would lead to disaster b、xunzi, like mencius, had confidence in the perfectibility of human nature c、human nature is evil and it’s impossible to improve it d、the ancient sage kings created ritual and righteousness, and established models in order to educate the people so that the society could return to order and harmony
4、in xunzi’s eyes, heaven ___________________. a、acts on its own and is not concerned with the human world b、is a mysterious force with ethical principles and an intention to get involved in human affairs c、reveals its will in unusual natural events like eclipses and floods d、is a mysterious almighty being that people must obey
5、what’s the difference between confucius’s idea about righteousness and profit and that of mencius? __________________. a、they both valued righteousness and profit b、they both valued righteousness and paid no attention to profit c、confucius emphasized that profit should be gained in a right way, but mencius only paid attention to humaneness and righteousness, and refused to take profit into consideration d、mencius thought it’s dangerous to think only of righteousness and not to pay any attention to profit
6、the following statements concerning dong zhushu’s idea about the interaction between heaven and man are all correct except ___________________. a、dong zhongshu developed his idea about the interaction between heaven and man with the help of the yin-yang and five-agent philosophy b、as a benevolent personified figure, heaven shows his measures and will in the natural cycles of four seasons and their features c、heaven is concerned with his own will and never intends to establish a stable hierarchical order in the world d、the emperor, as heaven’s agent on earth, is to rule by virtue and for the people
7、the beginning sentence of the great learning, “the way of the great learning lies in illuminating illustrious virtue, to renovate the people, and to reach the perfect goodness”, indicates the concern with all the following statements except _________________. a、the individual moral self-cultivation b、economic development of the country c、the relationship between the individual and the society d、the general harmony in the state and society
8、which of the following statements best describes the doctrine of the mean? a、the mean suggests the fundamental moral idea of moderation, balance and suitableness, and is the highest standard of moral excellence and universal harmony. b、the mean is a state very difficult to reach, and therefore it begins only with the nobilities. c、the five social relations have nothing to do with the mean. d、the doctrine of the mean was first advocated by confucius.
9、i ching consists of ____ hexagrams in total. a、8 b、32 c、64 d、128
10、the following views correspond with carl jung’s statements about i ching except ____________. a、chances are the rule, while laws are just exceptions b、kant’s critique of pure reason perfectly reflects the teachings of i ching c、the wisdom of i ching is fundamentally different from that reached in modern laboratories d、the so-called natural laws are not natural at all, but human constructs
02 schools of ancient chinese philosophy 先秦诸子百家
schools of ancient chinese philosophy 先秦诸子百家 单元测验
1、guan zhong helped duke huan of the state of qi to become the first hegemonial lord because he _______________. a、reformed the land system of the state and advocated a new government structure to ensure more efficient government b、tried to educate the people with moral principles c、took various measures to develop the economy of the state and set up a professional standing army d、all of the above
2、which of the following statements best describes shang yang’s philosophy? a、shang yang abolished the enfeoffment system in the state of qin and divided the whole land of the state into 31 counties. b、shang yang conducted various reforms to encourage agricultural cultivation and military exploits with strict punitive laws to ensure their implementation. c、shang yang divided the official ranks of the state into twenty classes, all obtainable only with military exploits. d、shang yang’s laws were very strict, involving all classes of people with “collective responsibility” system.
3、which of the following statements is not true about han fei’s legalist philosophy? a、han fei followed his predecessor shang yang and emphasized the rule of law. b、the proper use of rewards and punishments was, in han fei’s mind, the secret for a ruler to successfully manipulate the officials. c、the qin empire fell quickly because the rulers did not adopt han fei’s legalist ideas. d、han fei believed that it’s important for the ruler to maintain a firm grasp of power in his hands.
4、which of the following statements is not true about mozi? a、mozi’s influence was marginal and never threatened mainstream confucian thought. b、mozi was probably made up of writings of multiple authors. c、his idea of “undifferentiated love” was not well-received by the confucians. d、his teachings are considered too utopian and idealistic by future generations.
5、mencius harshly criticized yang zhu’s idea of _____. a、“each for himself” b、“to love all equally” c、“benevolence” d、“righteousness”
6、which of the following statements is not true about yang zhu? a、yang zhu’s teachings were considered rather dangerous in his time. b、yang zhu’s thoughts bear some resemblance to the idea of individualism. c、to yang zhu, morality is something deliberately made up to hinder personal pursuit of pleasure. d、yang zhu preached with mozi the thought of universal love.
7、which of the following statements about the art of war is not true? a、the book used to be a primary source for westerners to understand chinese strategic thoughts. b、it is heavily influenced by confucian teachings about morality. c、its influence never fades and it is still frequently quoted in today’s world. d、it doesn’t advocate war and military conquest.
8、according to sunzi, supreme excellence in warfare refers to___. a、defeating the enemy's resistance without fighting b、winning every battle against your enemy c、being always well-prepared d、capturing the enemy’s highest commander
03 daoism and the daoist religion 道家和道教
daoism and the daoist religion 道家和道教 单元测验
1、according to laozi, the effective approach one should adopt for the knowledge of the dao is through __________________. a、the correct use of names b、the precise description of language c、concepts and logical reasoning d、the intuitive understanding of mind
2、all of the following statements can be regarded as the lessons that zhuangzi intends to teach through the parables in the “free and easy wandering” except __________________. a、one should pursue a free life and reach absolute freedom. b、one should find contentment in the achievement in a certain area. c、one should try to realize spiritual freedom without any bondage. d、the true enlightenment comes from opening oneself to the great rhythm of the universe.
3、the ultimate aim of “sitting and forgetting” in zhuangzi is __________________. a、to attain the dao b、to stay away from trouble c、to purify the mind d、to strengthen the ability of self-control
4、which of the following is not true as a statement of the understanding of disease in huangdi neijing? a、disease is caused by uncontrolled desires and emotions. b、disease is caused by the noxious elements that attack stealthily. c、disease is seen as abnormal body function caused by a pathogen. d、disease is seen as disharmony between the body and the laws of the universe.
5、that “each obtains what is suitable to it” in the huainanzi is best understood as a principle that __________________. a、each person should be given a function to perform that enables his ability to be utilized b、there should be no distinction between the role of a ruler and that of a minister c、the best government is one in which each person is given the opportunity to succeed d、people should be treated as having equal value without defined position
6、the mystery (xuan) in the baopuzi can be regarded as __________________. a、another name for the dao b、the course of the seasons c、the male components of the world d、the yin and yang forces of the universe
7、which of the following methods, according to ge hong, is a correct approach to immortality? a、the use of medical herbs and vegetables and the avoiding of grains b、the use of cinnabar pills to preserve the unity of all things with the dao c、the purification of the mind to embrace simplicity d、the emancipation of the soul while abandoning confucian principles
8、wang chongyang advocated the principle of living a monastic life because in this way a daoist priest could __________________. a、write poems, lyrics and songs b、travel to meet masters to understand the meaning of life c、experiment by taking in herbs and minerals d、accommodate the body and have a peaceful mind
04 buddhism and its localization in china 佛教及其在中国的本土化
buddhism and its localization in china 佛教及其在中国的本土化 单元测验
1、which of the following stories are used in the sutra to illustrate certain teachings? a、prodigal son b、phantom city c、gem in the jacket d、all of the above
2、which of the following concepts is considered as a core aspect of chan or zen doctrine? a、permanence b、immanence c、non-abiding d、particularity
3、in china ksitigarbha sutra is often associated with____. a、filial duty b、patriotism c、loyalty d、fidelity
4、which of the following literary works includes the entire heart sutra in its text? a、a dream of the red mansions b、a journey to the west c、water margin d、the romance of the three kindoms
5、what is the central theme of the heart sutra? a、love b、emptiness c、passion d、karma
6、what is the most innovative doctrine of hui-neng compared with older schools of buddhism? a、sudden enlightenment b、universal love c、boundless devotion d、gradual learning
7、“remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind”(不忘初心，方得始终) comes from___. a、garland sutra b、heart sutra c、diamond sutra d、the six patriarch sutra
8、what does the image of “a multidimensional net” say about this sutra’s teachings? a、interconnectedness b、transcendence c、universality d、individuality
05 neo-confucianism in the song and ming dynasties 宋明理学
neo-confucianism in the song and ming dynasties 宋明理学 单元测验
1、zhou dunyi’s contribution to confucianism is best summarized as that __________________. a、he borrowed the concept of supreme ultimate from daoism b、he supplied a metaphysical foundation for confucian morality c、he emphasized the significance of sincerity as a confucian virtue d、he proclaimed that human life was rooted in the way of heaven
2、according to zhang zai, we fail to live out a life of goodness because __________________. a、our physical nature prevents the original nature from being fulfilled b、our condensed qi does not last long and dissipates after death c、we confine our minds within the limits of hearing and seeing d、it is impossible to transform the physical nature through self-cultivation
3、which of the following statements is incorrect as an implication of cheng yi’s concept “principle being one and manifestations being many”? a、principle is inherent in the human heart-mind. b、every particular thing has a principle, which is shared by all things. c、matter is primary, while principle is secondary. d、self-cultivation is necessary to fully realize the capacity of principle.
4、for zhu xi, differences in individual character and aptitude for moral self-realization are due to __________________. a、the diversity of things being investigated b、the extension of knowledge for self-cultivation c、the flexibility of the functioning of human heart-mind d、the variation in qi endowments and environments
5、the concept of dao tong developed by zhu xi refers to __________________. a、the unity of the material force and the principle b、the combination of the daoist and confucian traditions c、the extension of knowledge as the primary means of education d、the transmission of the way from the ancient sages to himself
6、lu jiuyuan believes that for self-cultivation there is no need for people to acquire knowledge outside the heart-mind because __________________. a、the investigation of things is directly related to self-cultivation b、the heart-mind alone is inadequate as the vehicle for moral cultivation c、knowledge of the good already exists with the heart-mind d、only through sincerity of the heart-mind can we attain the principle
7、wang yangming holds that the heart-mind is principle, which means that _________________. a、it is the heart-mind alone that presents the truths of being and life b、the heart-mind is necessary because the ultimate principle is a rational intelligence c、the heart-mind is the purest vital force and is responsible for self-cultivation d、there is no distinction between good and evil in the original substance of the heart-mind
8、which of the following statements is closest in meaning to wang yangming’s teaching about liangzi ? __________________ a、liangzhi is the knowledge of how to act appropriately in a given situation. b、liangzhi is the innate knowledge of the good, not something acquired by learning. c、since liangzhi is present in society, we can find it through investigating things. d、without constant effort and exertion, we may sometimes lose liangzhi.
06 confucianism in the contemporary world 儒学与当代世界
confucianism in the contemporary world 儒学与当代世界 单元测验
1、qian mu’s cultural nationalism is reflected in a general history of china in all the following ideas except _____________. a、the traditional chinese talent selection system is a unique progressive political system; b、china has enjoyed a long, substantial and uninterrupted history; c、intellectuals have not played an active role in chinese history; d、there has been a free and independent trend in cultural and academic development in chinese history.
2、what is the correct attitude, according to carsun chang, tang chun-i, moutsung-san and hsu fo-kuan, that the westerners should have in their study of chinese culture? a、they should interpret chinese culture in terms of western thoughts such as western rationalism, naturalism or materialism; b、they should try to understand the unique features of chinese culture starting with the understanding of “hsin-hsin”; c、they should start by exploring why chinese history and culture have become stagnant since the han dynasty; d、they should focus, based on their own preferences, on the concrete chinese political and social institutions.
3、what is not true about the concept of the third epoch of confucian way in the following statements? a、the third epoch of confucian way is proposed in the historical context of confucian decline; b、the third epoch of confucian way focuses on the three cardinal guides and five constant virtues; c、the concept was first proposed by mou tsung-san about the future development of confucianism; d、the third epoch of the confucian way will go beyond the sinic world of east asia to receive the sustenance for its continuous vitality.
4、why could confucian ideas, in the eyes of tu weiming, suit the contemporary world? a、confucian values could to some extent help rectify the errors of enlightenment mentality; b、the economic success of the four dragons in east asia in the 1970s and 1980s owe their success partially to the confucian family ethic; c、confucian ethics could help contribute to a more balanced, peaceful, socially harmonious and eco-friendly world; d、all of the above.
5、the religions of man doesn’t cover the teachings of ______. a、confucianism b、hinduism c、scientology d、christianity
6、louis henkin’s understanding of confucianism is shadowed by his role as a _____. a、historian b、legal scholar c、sociologist d、writer
7、louis henkin’s contrast between confucianism and_____ is quite misleading and one-sided. a、individual rights b、state of emergency c、demagoguery d、sovereignty
8、according to de bary, what are confucians’ avowed tasks? a、education for the masses b、governing c、classical scholarship d、all of the above
中国思想经典期末考试
期末考试客观题试卷
1、in the analects confucius elaborated on all the following principles except _________________. a、humaneness b、filial piety c、the kingly way d、rites
2、dong zhongshu’s philosophy was quickly adopted as the new state philosophy of han dynasty because _________. a、it further developed the theory of lao zi and that of the legendary yellow emperor b、it helped solve the political, social and philosophical problems of his time by integrating the various schools of thought into the confucian tradition c、it helped reduce natural disasters by advocating the interaction between heaven and man d、dong zhongshu was a very influential thinker of his time
3、which of the following measures in the reform of guan zhong, a forerunner of legalism, is usually not considered a legalist measure? a、choosing various talents for different offices with emphasis on their duties and competence. b、dividing the land in the state of qi into regular administrative units to be managed by a central bureaucracy subject directly to the duke. c、educating the people with moral principles. d、dividing the population of qi into four classes with respective professional duties.
4、what are tu wei-ming’s ways of defending confucianism and advocating confucian revival in the contemporary world? a、refuting the western attack of some confucian principles. b、trying to prove that confucianism could well suit the contemporary society. c、justifying confucianism by defining it as a philosophy of pragmatic idealism with both transcendental and secular features. d、all the above.
5、____ is the shortest sutra in buddhism and is quoted in its entirety in one of china’s classic novels, journey to the west. a、the lotus sutra b、the garland sutra c、the heart sutra d、the ksitigarbha sutra
6、____argued that “confucianism did not seem to accept—as a principle—stated limitations on public policy or public interest out of concern for individual dignity, it relied on the wisdom and morality of rulers.” a、louis henkin b、tu weiming c、theodore de bary d、arthur smith
7、“remain true to our original aspiration” or “不忘初心” is borrowed from ___. a、the diamond sutra b、the ksitigarbha sutra c、the garland sutra d、the platform sutra
8、___is a sutra born in chinese culture and thus represents the localization of buddhism in china. a、the ksitigarbha sutra b、the platform sutra c、the heart sutra d、the lotus sutra
9、___ translated the art of war into english which helped to propelthis work to popularity in the west. a、lionel giles b、louis henkin c、arthur wiley d、gu hongming
10、___didn’t write any books and his thoughts can only be reconstructed from others’ works. a、mozi b、laozi c、yang zhu d、han fei
11、which of the following is a correct statement with regard to the relationship of dao and de? a、de is the manifestation and application of dao. b、de refers to the virtues inherited from the origin of dao. c、de refers to the natural state of dao without man’s interference. d、de is the metaphysical principle while dao refers to its practical function.
12、for zhuangzi, the first stage in the process to purify the mind to become accomplished in dao is “the fasting of the mind”, which means __________________. a、the mind must focus on the dao b、the mind must be quiet and empty c、the mind should have no desires d、the mind should be peaceful
13、which of the following statements is not true concerning the origin of the cosmos according to the huainanzi? a、the cosmos came into being from the primordial chaos. b、the myriad beings of the cosmos came out of nothing. c、the vital force pervaded all things and gave birth to the cosmos. d、the dao existed as a formless principle underlying all beings.
14、zhang zai’s philosophy is highly materialist because __________________. a、his metaphysics is largely based on the book of changes b、his philosophy includes the supreme ultimate as its foundation c、he believes that all material things are composed of yin and yang d、he believes that qi as a primordial substance constitutes all things
15、for cheng yi, the goodness of principle in human nature needs to be uncovered through learning and self-cultivation because __________________. a、the principle is identical to qi as the origin of goodness b、the turbid qi could make human nature go bad c、the external things are to be investigated to understand the inner principle d、the principle is the highest philosophical category
16、which of the following is a correct understanding of lu jiuyuan’s statement “my heart-mind is the cosmos and the cosmos is my heart-mind”? a、the heart-mind guides the operation of the cosmos. b、the heart-mind reflects the diverse activities of the cosmos. c、the heart-mind as the purest qi gave birth to the cosmos. d、the heart-mind contains all that is morally valuable in the cosmos.
17、ren, or humaneness, as an important principle of confucianism, refers to _____________________. a、a supreme ethical ideal that is connected with the universal way b、love and concern for others c、a principle of virtuous social governance d、all of the above
18、in xunzi’s eyes, heaven ___________________. a、acts on its own and is not concerned with the human world b、is a mysterious force with ethical principles and an intention to get involved in human affairs c、reveals its will in unusual natural events like eclipses and floods d、is a mysterious almighty being that people must obey
19、what’s the difference between confucius’s idea about righteousness and profit and that of mencius? __________________. a、they both valued righteousness and profit b、they both valued righteousness and paid no attention to profit c、confucius emphasized that profit should be gained in a right way, but mencius only paid attention to humaneness and righteousness, and refused to take profit into consideration d、mencius thought it’s dangerous to think only of righteousness and not to pay any attention to profit
20、the beginning sentence of the great learning, “the way of the great learning lies in illuminating illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to reach the perfect goodness”indicates the s concern with all the following statements except _________________. a、the individual moral self-cultivation b、economic development of the country c、the relationship between individual and the society d、the general harmony in state and society
21、which of the following statements is not true about han fei’s legalist philosophy? a、han fei followed his predecessor shang yang and emphasized the rule of law. b、the proper use of rewards and punishments was, in han fei’s mind, the secret for a ruler to successfully manipulate the officials. c、the qin empire fell quickly because the rulers did not adopt han fei’s legalist ideas. d、han fei believed that it’s important for the ruler to maintain a firm grasp of power in his hands.
22、mencius harshly criticized yang zhu’s idea of _____. a、“each for himself” b、“to love all equally” c、“benevolence” d、“righteousness”
23、which of the following is not true as a statement of the understanding of disease in huangdi neijing? a、disease is caused by uncontrolled desires and emotions. b、disease is caused by the noxious elements that attack stealthily. c、disease is seen as abnormal body function caused by a pathogen. d、disease is seen as disharmony between the body and the laws of the universe.
24、which of the following methods, according to ge hong, is a correct approach to immortality? a、the use of medical herbs and vegetables and the avoiding of grains. b、the use of cinnabar pills to preserve the unity of all things with the dao. c、the purification of the mind to embrace simplicity. d、the emancipation of the soul while abandoning confucian principles.
25、wang chongyang advocated the principle of living a monastic life because in this way a daoist priest could __________________. a、write poems, lyrics and songs b、travel to meet masters to understand the meaning of life c、experiment by taking in herbs and minerals d、accommodate the body and have a peaceful mind
26、which of the following concepts is considered as a core aspect of chan or zen doctrine? a、permanence b、immanence c、non-abiding d、particularity
27、n china ksitigarbha sutra is often associated with____. a、filial duty b、patriotism c、loyalty d、fidelity
28、which of the following stories are used in the lotus sutra to illustrate certain teachings? a、prodigal son. b、phantom city. c、gem in the jacket. d、all of the above.
29、the concept of dao tong developed by zhu xi refers to __________________. a、the unity of the material force and the principle b、the combination of the daoist and confucian traditions c、the extension of knowledge as the primary means of education d、the transmission of the way from the ancient sages to himself
30、zhou dunyi’s contribution to confucianism is best summarized as that __________________. a、he borrowed the concept of supreme ultimate from daoism b、he supplied a metaphysical foundation for confucian morality c、he emphasized the significance of sincerity as a confucian virtue d、he proclaimed that human life was rooted in the way of heaven
31、what is not true about the concept of the third epoch of confucian way in the following statements? a、the third epoch of confucian way is proposed in the historical context of confucian decline. b、the third epoch of confucian way focuses on the three cardinal guides and five constant virtues. c、the concept was first proposed by moutsung-san about the future development of confucianism. d、the third epoch of the confucian way will go beyond the sinic world of east asia to receive the sustenance for its continuous vitality.
32、according to de bary, what are confucians’ avowed tasks? a、education for the masses. b、governing. c、classical scholarship. d、all of the above.
期末考试主观题试卷
1、describe and comment on the basic tenets of classical legalism, and consider whether they are applicable today.
2、in what ways has buddhism influenced chinese culture? use examples to illustrate your points.
3、what have you learned about the daoist thoughts and practices concerning the nourishment of life?
4、what adaptations do you think confucianism should make in order to better suit the contemporary world?