1、in general, there are two ways to learn about target culture: intelligent approach and experiential approach.
2、etiquette is an ethical and socially acceptable behaviour regarding professional practice or action among the members of a profession in their dealings with each other.
3、intercultural communication is the exchange of information between individuals.
4、zheng he opened up the ancient “silk road” in chinese history.
5、taboo topics like age, money, religion and marriage are “forbidden areas” for westerners.
6、in intracultural communication, speakers rely on their prior knowledge rooted in cultural models, core common ground, shared knowledge, common beliefs of a relatively definable speech community.
7、international communication takes place between nations and countries rather than individuals.
8、cross-cultural communication emphasizes the differences of different cultural communities or groups.
9、in order to be successful in intercultural communication, people should learn only cultural differences.
10、china and japan belong to low-context culture; while america and german belong to high-context culture.
作业1
1、•中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。
2、改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。
3、•海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。
4、•中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
chapter 2 communication
单元测验 2
1、the communication refers to the transportation of a message between a sender and a receiver, by using signaling system.
2、an organizational communication is a communication within groups of people and by groups of people to others.
3、when you speak in public, you may become nervous, your palms will be sweaty, your heart will be pounding, you may have a butterfly in your stomach. this is semantic noise.
4、the interpersonal context refers to the expectations people have about the behaviors of others as a result of differences in the relationships between them.
5、though writing is the most frequently used means of communication, it is the least taught.
6、communication occurs whenever meaning is attributed to behavior or the residue of behavior.
7、western cultures emphasize the harmony between the communicators.
8、we communicate with others for the sheer pleasure of interaction. this is its practical function.
9、there are at least 6 key components of communication: sender, message, channel, receiver, noise and feedback.
10、a message refers to any signals that trigger the response of a receiver.
1、communication is the core of culture. it is a very large, complicated concept.
2、geert hofsted’s onion theory indicates that symbols represent the most superficial and the easiest to perceive by an outsider and the least important to an insider.
3、the four factors such as technological invention, disasters, cultural contact and environmental factors influence the change of culture.
4、identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.
5、culture is a system of inherited conceptions expressed in language, by means of which people communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge and attitude towards life.
6、culture is “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.”
7、culture is so small and inclusive that it is really easy to define.
8、rituals are those collective activities that are considered socially essential within a culture such as sports events.
9、nonverbal symbols are visible and obvious to an outside observer. they are determined by values, which are the deeper manifestations of culture and the most difficult to understand by an outsider.
10、we usually take culture for granted since everything we see and do takes place in different culture.
1、the simplest definition of culture is a set of ________ within a group or society and institutional learned behavior. a、beliefs and behaviors b、values and norms c、rules and regulations d、customs and concepts
2、guests to a chinese family will never be allowed to do any housework to show the ________ of the host and hostess. a、hospitality b、friendliness c、generosity d、intimacy
3、cultural patterns can be interpreted from two aspects consisting of ways of ____________. a、thinking and learning b、speaking and gesturing c、speaking and living d、thinking and acting
4、the phrase “go dutch” means __________________. a、visiting a country b、having dinner individually c、splitting the cost d、treating someone to dinner
5、_____________ together constitute the components of cultural patterns. a、beliefs, values, norms and social practices b、behaviors, religions, norms and social practices c、beliefs, values, norms and customs d、beliefs, values, concepts and social practices
6、what one considers to be the important views about the world are based on___________. a、laws and regulations b、commonly recognized customs c、culturally shared beliefs d、traditions and religions
7、hall suggests that the only way to learn the internal culture of others is to actively ________ their culture. a、research b、participate in c、care for d、accept
8、__________ deals with the innate character of human nature. a、person-nature orientation b、time orientation c、activity orientation d、the human nature orientation
9、uncertainty avoidance is the tendency to behave to arrange things in a way that________. a、maximizes unforeseen consequences b、minimizes unforeseen consequences c、ignoring unforeseen consequences d、minimizes foreseen consequences
10、in ____________ both men and women are relatively tough, and in these cultures social gender roles are clearly distinct. a、femininity cultures b、individualistic cultures c、masculine cultures d、collectivistic cultures
作业4
1、problems can occur when individuals from low and high context cultures come into contact within a business setting or between individuals from different high context cultures with different unwritten rules.
2、for example, what is regarded as directness and openness by individuals from low context cultures can be regarded as abruptness or even rudeness by individuals from high context cultures.
3、similarly, in certain high context cultures, it is virtually taboo to say ‘no’ to a request: in the course of negotiations, individuals from such cultures will adopt a variety of strategies to avoid a direct rebuttal of a request.
4、unless an individual’s opposite number in the negotiation process understands the cultural incapability of saying ‘no’ and that a commitment to consider a request or consult further may not be a ‘perhaps’ but an outright negative response,
5、the outcome for the individual from a low context culture will be confusion and frustration.
chapter 5 verbal communication
单元测验 5
1、1. which of the following statement is not true? a、language is separated from culture in some situations. b、we can only use verbal language to persuade, exchange ideas, express opinions, seek information and express feelings. c、a verbal code comprises a set of rules governing the use of words in creating a message, along with the words themselves. d、the sapir-whorf hypothesis holds that a culture is embodied in the thought of the people who were born there.
2、the language we speak defines our world and does not define our_______. a、social identities b、national identities c、ethnic identities d、characters
3、which example best manifests national identity and dignity? a、one speaks one language in public and another at home. b、the state head speaks his or her own national language though he or she can speak other languages. c、one speaks his mother language with other community members. d、immigrants speak their native language in their new cultures and teach them to their children.
4、which culture are indirect styles more likely to be used in? a、american and british cultures b、european and asian cultures c、chinese and japanese cultures d、american and south korean cultures
5、which response reflects self-enhancement? --i love your sweater. you look so smart in it. a、--i know. i just bought it yesterday. b、--oh. it’s nothing special. c、--no. your sweater is prettier than mine. d、--it is very cheap.
6、in which culture people do not use metaphorical expressions in every day conversation. a、arabic culture b、american culture c、middle eastern culture d、african-american culture
7、which statement is not right? a、elaborate style tends to characterize low-context cultures. b、in high-context culture, silence can be used to maintain control in a social situation. c、in high-context culture, meaning is conveyed through verbal codes. d、in high-context culture, meaning is more often conveyed by nonverbal and contextual cues.
8、which pair does not reveal the dialect difference? a、english spoken in northern area v.s. in southern area b、american english v.s. british english c、english used in london v.s. in manchester d、english v.s. lingua franca
9、which statement is true? a、people from different cultural backgrounds will have a unique way of doing things, analyzing situations and reacting to circumstances. b、euphemism is the use of words that may be seen as offensive or disturbing to the addressee. c、taboo is one way in which a society expresses its approval of certain kinds of behavior. d、cultural taboo represents the characteristics of a certain culture and encourages a culture to be accepted.
10、a pidgin is ________. a、a language of higher value b、a language which has no native speakers c、a language with more complex grammatical structure d、a language based on different dialects
chapter 6 nonverbal communication
单元测验 6
1、the message sent without using words are called _________ communication. a、nonvocal b、vocal c、nonverbal d、verbal
2、the functions of nonverbal communication doesn’t include _______________. a、repeating b、complementing c、substituting d、monitoring
3、which of the following doesn’t belong to the category of paralanguage? a、stress b、intonation c、smile d、pitch
4、the social zone ranges from ________________. a、15 to 45 centimeters b、46 cm to 1.22 meters c、1.22 – 3.6 meters d、larger than 3.6 meters
5、people from________are said to belong to polychronic people. a、austria b、germany c、switzerland d、india
6、_______ are said to belong to the high-touch cultures. a、the americans b、the italians c、the germans d、the brits
7、he said: “that's great.” but with an angry face. it’s a kind of _______. a、complementing b、substituting c、contradicting d、regulating
8、to show number two, a person from ______ will hold up his thumb and index finger. a、france b、china c、america d、the uk
9、people from __________ are taught to avoid eye contact with elders, teachers, and other people with status as a sign of respect. a、north america b、latin america c、the mediterranean d、north europe
10、which one doesn’t belong to the characteristics of monochronic people? a、they make plans. b、they change plans. c、they value time. d、they are committed to the job.
chapter 7 intercultural communication barriers
单元测试 7
1、1.what strategies does the uncertainty reduction theory involve? a、interactive strategies; b、active strategies; c、passive strategies; d、above all.
2、2.which one is not ethnocentric attitude? a、lifestyles in other cultures are not as valid as those in my culture. b、i have little respect for the values and customs of other cultures. c、my culture should be the role model for other cultures. d、people of other cultures are different from me.
3、which one can not be used to overcome stereotyping? a、to get in touch with people from various cultures; b、to assume that you have no stereotypes of others; c、to find sufficient evidence and exceptions; d、to describe an individual’s behaviors instead of generalizing traits over the whole community.
4、which one of the following strategies is not effective to avoid prejudice？ a、to reflect our own prejudiced attitude; b、to involve ourselves in communications with more people; c、to stay away from talking to the people from other cultures; d、to avoid using language with a tint of prejudice or discrimination.
5、which of the following statements about racism is wrong? a、racism goes further than a specific kind of prejudice. b、racism involves the exercise of power. c、racism exists only in some areas. d、racism denies the existence of the culture of a particular group.
6、both assuming similarities and assuming difficulties claim to hinder intercultural communication.
7、stereotypes are always negative which may evoke conflicts in intercultural communication events.
8、if we don’t know the fact that the same word means differently in different contexts, communications will be hindered.
9、a high proficiency of english vocabulary leads to an advanced ability to construct the english words into meaningful sentences.
10、we can use literal translation or transliteration and simultaneously attach the adequate explanation to it in order to achieve clarity and accuracy.
chapter 8 intercultural adaption
单元测验 8
1、assimilation refers to the process in which individuals are absorbed into the dominant culture, adopting the cultural norms of the host culture over their original culture.
2、separation occurs when individuals choose to reject both their native culture and the dominant host culture.
3、the term culture shock is used to describe the feelings of individuals when they encounter different social norms, values, beliefs, and ways of doing.
4、any changes in climate, food, living condition, language, population, social roles can foster culture shock.
5、when international students try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing, transitional shock frequently happens.
6、culture shock only leads to negative effects since it is a traumatic experience that an induvial may encounter when entering a different culture.
7、adjusting to new culture is an ongoing process with many ups and downs.
8、u-curve pattern of cultural adaptation comprises three stages: honeymoon period, crisis period, and adjustment period.
9、to handle culture shock and adapt ourselves to the host culture, we should give up our social network in the home culture.
10、the following tipis can help us adapt to the new culture: assume the principle of difference, study the host culture and learn basic verbal and nonverbal language skills.