1、what are the two main groups of stakeholders in software projects? a、managers b、customers c、developers d、sellers
2、do “accidents” of software development define the software development invariants?
3、does each incremental release within an iteration add a new functionality to the software product under development?
4、is cobit a product standard?
5、is portal-oriented integration a special kind of interface-oriented integration?
1.2 system planning随堂测验
1、what is the main target of system planning？ a、effectiveness b、efficiency c、correctness d、robustness
2、in the swot analysis, are objectives derived from goals？
3、in the vcm approach, is ‘sales and marketing’ a support activity?
1.3 systems for three management levels随堂测验
1、which level of decision making is primarily supported by the data warehouse technology? a、strategic level b、tactical level c、operational level d、none of above
2、what kind of olap technology aims at supporting individual departments or business functions and stores only summarized historical data? a、databases b、datamarts c、data warehouses d、data webhouses
3、what is the main technology underpinning knowledge processing systems? a、data mining b、data warehouse c、database d、data webhouse
4、what are the two main functions of transaction management in oltp systems? a、information prediction b、concurrency control c、data collection d、recovery from failures
1.4 the software development lifecycle随堂测验
1、which software development approach, structured or object-oriented, takes advantage of the activity of functional decomposition? a、the structured approach b、the object-oriented approach c、the mixture approach d、none of the above
2、which development phase is largely responsible for producing/delivering an adaptive system? a、requirements analysis b、architectural design c、program design d、integration and deployment
3、the notion of a stub is associated with what development phase? a、with the requirements analysis phase b、with the architectural design phase c、with the program design phase d、with the integration and deployment phase
4、which activities span the development lifecycle and are not, therefore, distinct lifecycle phases? a、planning b、testing c、metrics d、debugging
5、what is another name for business analysis?
1.5 development models and methods随堂测验
1、is adding a new functionality to a software project the responsibility of a software iteration or integration? a、iteration b、integration c、both of the two d、neither of the two
2、which of the development models/methods is most explicit about risk analysis? a、the spiral model b、the ibm rational unified process (rup) c、model driven architecture (mda) d、agile software development
3、which development model/method is directly linked to the traditional concept of formal specifications? a、the ibm rational unified process (rup) b、model driven architecture (mda) c、agile software development d、aspect-oriented development
4、which development model/method is directly linked to the concept of intentional programming? a、the ibm rational unified process (rup) b、model driven architecture (mda) c、agile software development d、aspect-oriented development
5、which development model/method is directly linked to the concept of crosscutting concerns? a、the ibm rational unified process (rup) b、model driven architecture (mda) c、agile software development d、aspect-oriented development
chapter 1 test
1、according to brooks, which of the following is not an essential difficulty of software development? a、conformity b、invisibility c、correctness d、changeability
2、the software quality of supportability (adaptiveness) includes: a、reliability b、usability c、maintainability d、all of the above
3、the “repeatable” level of cmm (level 2 ) means that: a、both management and engineering processes are codified and followed b、metrics are used to control the process c、continuous process improvement is in place d、none of the above
4、the continuous service improvement programme (csip) is part of: a、cmm b、iso 9000 c、itil d、cobit
5、uml models include: a、state models b、state change models c、behavior models d、all of the above
6、process-oriented integration is an integration: a、on the level of databases or application programming interfaces (apis) that externalize information for consumption by other applications b、in which information is externalized from multiple software systems into a common user interface c、that links application interfaces (that is, services defined through an interface abstraction) d、none of the above
7、which of the following is not an approach to carry out system planning: a、erp b、swot c、isa d、all of the above
8、which of the following is a primary activity of the vcm approach: a、human resource management b、services c、administration and infrastructure d、none of the above
9、which of the following is not considered a participant (perspective) in the isa approach: a、subcontractor b、owner c、manager d、all of the above
10、which of the following is an olap technology: a、data webhouse b、data warehouse c、data mart d、all of the above
11、which of the following is not an objective/task of datamining: a、classification b、clustering c、packaging d、none of the above
12、which of the following is not a modeling technique of the structured approach to systems development: a、uml b、erd c、dfd d、all of the above
13、which of the following is not considered to be an iterative and incremental development model/method: a、the spiral model b、functional decomposition c、model-driven architecture d、none of the above
14、which of the following development models/methods directly embraces intentional programming: a、aspect-oriented development b、agile software development c、genetic programming d、none of the above
chapter 2 requirements determination
2.1 from business processes to solution envisioning随堂测验
1、what is the name of the most popular language for visual modeling of business processes that aims at bridging the gap between business and it people? a、uml b、bpmn c、ooad d、erp
2、what are the four categories of modeling elements in bpmn? a、flow objects b、connecting objects c、pools d、artifacts
3、what are the three distinct implementation strategies to be considered in solution envisioning process? a、custom development b、package-based development c、component-based development d、module-based development
4、can a sequence flow connect two pools?
5、what is the name of a business value-driven approach to delivering an it service to solve an as-is business problem or to foster a to-be business innovation?
6、what is the main modeling outcome of software capability design?
2.2 requirements elicitation随堂测验
1、what is the name of the profession charged with the responsibility to elicit and document domain knowledge requirements and use case requirements? a、business analyst b、system analyst c、system designer d、system developer
2、what are the main kinds of requirements? a、service statements b、functional requirements c、non-functional requirements d、constraint statements
2.3 requirements elicitation methods随堂测验
1、what are the three forms of closed-ended questions in questionnaires? a、multiple-choice questions b、rating questions c、ranking questions d、short-answer questions
2、what are the participants in a jad session? a、leader b、scribe c、customers d、developers
3、how is the rad development team called? a、rader b、specialists with advanced tools c、radlist d、swat
2.4 requirements negotiation, validation and management随堂测验
1、what is (arguably) the best visual modeling method to capture the system boundary? a、uml diagram b、context diagram c、flow chart d、data flow diagram
2、what kinds of dependencies between requirements are made explicit in a requirement dependency matrix? a、incorrect requiremnts b、conflicting requirements c、overlapping requirements d、incomplete requirements
3、what are the techniques for identifying requirements? a、unique identifier b、sequential number within document hierarchy c、sequential number within requirements category d、all of above
4、what is the name of a risk category associated with a scenario in which a requirement is likely to keep changing or evolving during the development process?
5、what is the name of a tool dedicated to change management?
2.5 requirements business model随堂测验
1、what are the three main categories of relationships between business classes? a、extension b、association c、generalization d、aggregation
2、what is another name for a business use case?
3、what is the name of a relationship representing the flow of events between actors and use cases?
chapter 2 test
1、in bpmn, an atomic process is also called an: a、activity b、task c、event d、job
2、in bpmn, a message flow is the following modeling element: a、flow object b、swimlane c、artifact d、connector
3、in solution envisioning, the modeling element that determines the business value of a piece of the functionality is a: a、business use case b、solution case c、capability case d、business case
4、which requirements elicitation method works with the notion of a probortunity statement: a、questionnaire b、brainstorming c、jad d、none of the above
5、which requirements elicitation method works with the notion of trigger question: a、questionnaire b、rad c、jad d、none of the above
6、a relationship stating that a class “can be” another class is called: a、generalization b、aggregation c、association d、none of the above
7、an interface requirement is a: a、functional requirement b、system service c、system constraint d、none of the above
2、which core j2ee tier is responsible for establishing and maintaining connections to data sources? a、client tire b、presentation tire c、business tire d、integration tire
3、which pcbmer layer is responsible for establishing and maintaining connections to data sources? a、bean layer b、mediatior layer c、entity layer d、resource layer
3.3 behavior specifications随堂测验
1、a message can denote an asynchronous inter-object communication. how is such a message called? a、a signal b、a call c、a do message d、a new message
2、what uml modeling technique is most useful for discovering class operations? a、class diagram b、usecase diagram c、sequence diagram d、activity diagram
3、do use cases have the possibility of representing the concurrent flow of control?
4、can activity diagrams be constructed before a class model is developed?
3.4 state change specifications随堂测验
1、do state machine diagrams represent the sequence of state changes?
2、will the state change always occur when the relevant transition to that state has been fired?
chapter 3 test
1、mvc is a: a、framework b、meta-model c、programming environment d、all of the above
2、which of the following is the name of the core j2ee tier? a、business b、integration c、presentation d、all of the above
3、which of the following is the pcbmer layer representing the data classes and value objects that are destined for rendering on user interfaces? a、entity b、bean c、presentation d、none of the above
4、the process of sending notifications to subscriber objects is called: a、event processing b、forwarding c、delegation d、none of the above
5、which of the following class discovery approaches works with the concept of a fuzzy class? a、crc b、common class patterns approach c、use case-driven approach d、none of the above
6、the properties of transitivity and asymmetry are observed in which of the following categories of aggregation? a、owns aggregation b、has aggregation c、exclusiveowns aggregation d、all of the above
7、in a use case model, which one of the following is a relationship that always relates two use cases? a、association b、aggregation c、extend d、all of the above
8、an event that signifies a guard condition has been satisfied is called a: a、change event b、time event c、signal event d、call event
chapter 4 moving from analysis to design
4.1 advanced class modeling随堂测验
1、what is the default visibility in java (i.e. if the visibility is not specified)? a、public visibility b、package visibility c、protected visibility d、private visibility
2、can reified class replace association class without any loss of semantics?
3、what is the most important extension mechanism of uml?
4、how are role names called in uml 2.0?
4.2 advanced generalization and inheritance modeling随堂测验
1、what related principle makes generalization useful?
2、what concept can be used in lieu of multiple implementation inheritance?
4.3 advanced aggregation and delegation modeling随堂测验
1、which kind of aggregation needs to be specified with the “frozen” constraint? a、the exclusiveowns aggregation b、the owns aggregation c、the has aggregation d、the member aggregation
2、what does aggregation use to reuse the implementation of component objects? a、delegation b、generalization c、inheritance d、extension
4.4 advanced interaction modeling随堂测验
1、what interaction modeling concept needs to be used to specify multi-threaded execution? a、synchronous messages b、asynchronous messages c、object creation messages d、reply messages
2、what interaction modeling concept needs to be used to specify interaction from unknown sender? a、reply message b、return variable c、found message d、object destruction
3、what architectural layer does a servlet belong to? a、the presentation layer b、the controller layer c、the bean layer d、the mediator layer
chapter 4 test
1、which is not a uml extension mechanism? a、constraint. b、stereotype. c、derived attribute. d、tag value.
2、which of the following is another name for interface inheritance? a、subtyping. b、substitutability. c、polymorphism. d、none of the above.
3、the inheritance in which some inherited properties are overridden in the subclass is called: a、extension inheritance b、convenience inheritance c、restriction inheritance d、none of the above.
5、the time when the flow of control is focused in an object is called in uml 2.0: a、interaction use b、execution specification c、lifeline d、none of the above.
6、which of the following operators defines a parallel fragment that allows for interleaved execution of contained behaviors? a、opt. b、loop. c、alt. d、none of the above.
assignment 1
1、read the attached project statement,develop the initial business glossary (of about a dozen terms) for the ap system.
2、read the attached project statement, develop a use case model for the ap system. your model should identify about ten use cases. distinguish provide web access as one of the use cases. show the most important relationships, including (if applicable) <> and <> relationships. make the distinction between both-directional and uni-directional associations, when appropriate. use generalizations and dependency relationships (in particular with regard to actors). describe the meaning of the model, including any assumptions you have made, in text under the diagram.
3、read the attached project statement, develop an entity class diagram (i.e. entity classes only) for ap. your model should identify about ten entity classes. show some significant attributes in classes (specify both attributes names and java types). specify relationships between classes. use generalization and aggregation, if applicable. consider uni-directional associations. describe the meaning of the model, including any assumptions you have made, in text under the diagram.
4、read the attached project statement, write a use case document for the use case “modify payment method”. please refer to the example in the book and specify the use case name, brief description, flow of events (both basic flow and alternative flows), special requirements, preconditions, postconditions, and extension points.
5、read the attached project statement, develop a sequence diagram and a corresponding collaboration diagram for the use case “modify payment method” defined in task 4. assume the “happy path” scenario, i.e. there is no need to account for alternative flows. the design must conform to the pcmef architecture. show all major interactions from the actor (academic). show message arguments. show how the webpages within academic kiosk are instantiated. however, do not show any “trips to the database”, with the exception of the final storage of a modified payment method in the database (i.e. do not show messages that require reading from the database to validate user’s login or to retrieve the academic’s existing payment method). for simplicity, work only with one control class (to be named cmodifypaymethod) and one mediator class (named mmediator). assume that cmodifypaymethod holds a reference to the existing epaymethod and can directly obtain its data. the model must be explained in text under the diagrams.
chapter 5 system architecture and program design
5.1 distributed physical architecture随堂测验
1、which architectural style defines only a single type of system element? a、the client-server architectural style b、the browser-server architectural style c、the peer-to-peer architectural style d、the database-centred architectural style
2、what is the middle tier in the three-tier architecture? a、presentations b、business logic and enterprise-wide business rules c、data d、control
3、by what programming means are enterprise-wide business rules implemented in a database? a、sql b、stored procedures c、triggers d、application programs
5.2 multilayer logical architecture随堂测验
1、is structural complexity computed with regard to program’s classes or program’s objects? a、classes b、objects c、both of the two d、neither of the two
2、what is the name of the pattern that defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use? a、façade b、abstract factory c、chain of responsibility d、observer
3、which pattern makes it possible to enforce the ncp (neighbor communication) principle? a、façade b、abstract factory c、chain of responsibility d、observer
5.3 architectural modeling随堂测验
1、does a component have a persistent state?
2、can class be implemented by more than one component?
5.4 principles of program design and reuse随堂测验
1、how can the design reuse at the component level be called? a、toolkit reuse b、framework reuse c、pattern reuse d、program reuse
2、what term is used to define the degree of inner self-determination of the class?
5.5 collaboration modeling随堂测验
1、in what collaboration model the roles are always typed (have a type explicitly defined)? a、class diagram b、usecase diagram c、actity diagram d、composite structure diagram
2、do collaboration models identify messages?
chapter 5 test
1、which of the following architectural styles admit the notions of client and server processes? a、peer-to-peer architecture. b、tiered architecture. c、database-centered architecture. d、all of the above.
2、measuring the effort required to understand the software is called: a、structural complexity b、cognitive complexity c、algorithmic complexity d、problem complexity
3、pattern that “promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently” is called: a、observer b、façade c、abstract factory d、none of the above.
4、which of the following is another name for an observer object in the observer pattern? a、listener. b、spectator. c、watcher. d、viewer.
5、which of the following cannot be the target of a message within the class method according to the law of demeter? a、an object referred to by a global variable. b、an object that is an argument in the method’s signature. c、an object referred to by the attribute of an object of an associated class. d、an object created by the class method.
6、which of the following is not a legitimate artifact of reuse? a、an object. b、a class. c、a solution idea. d、a component.
7、roles in a collaboration communicate along: a、associations b、connectors c、links d、relationships
chapter 6 graphical user interface design
6.1 guidelines for gui design随堂测验
1、what is the principal gui design guideline? a、user in control b、consistency c、personalization and customization d、forgiveness
2、what user guideline is most closely related to the guideline of user in control? a、personalization and customization b、forgiveness c、feedback d、aesthetics and usability
6.2 desktop gui design随堂测验
1、what gui component is an accelerator key related to? a、window b、menu bar c、menu item d、checkbox
2、what is the main characteristic that distinguishes primary from secondary windows?
6.3 web gui design随堂测验
1、what are the gui components for programming user events in web applications? a、windows b、menu items c、buttons d、links
2、what is the most primitive mechanism for maintaining a connection between the web client and the server?
6.4 modeling gui navigation随堂测验
1、what is the name of a ux stereotype representing screen regions? a、<>. b、<>. c、<>. d、<>.
2、what uml diagram is used for modeling a behavioral ux collaboration? a、class diagram b、usecase diagram c、sequence diagram d、collaboration diagram
chapter 6 test
1、which gui guideline is the concept of locale related to? a、personalization. b、adaptability. c、customization. d、all of the above
2、a gui desktop window can be divided into: a、frames b、forms c、panes d、panels
3、a gui web screen’s real estate can be divided into: a、web pages b、forms c、frames d、panes
4、the concept sandbox is related to: a、web applications b、desktop applications c、applets d、server pages.
6、which pcbmer layer do struts’ action forms belong to? a、bean b、presentation c、control d、entity
7、which is not a ux stereotype? a、window. b、input form. c、screen. d、compartment.
chapter 7 persistence and database design
7.1 business objects and persistence随堂测验
1、which database model is used as an object storage api for interoperability between client applications and any server data sources? a、relational database model b、object-oriented database model c、object-relational database model d、nonstructural database model
2、what is the most popular conceptual data modeling technique? a、entity relationship (er) diagrams b、class diagram c、data flow diagram d、object diagram
3、are the notions of entity class and persistent class the same?
7.2 relational database model随堂测验
1、can a foreign key have null values?
2、what mathematical concept is a relational database model based on?
3、what is the main feature of a key?
7.3 object-relational mapping随堂测验
1、in what kind of mapping is an intersection table is required? a、in mapping one-to-one association b、in mapping one-to-many associations c、in mapping many-to-one associations d、in mapping many-to-many associations
2、is polymorphism addressed in mapping of generalization relationships to a relational model?
7.4 patterns for managing persistent objects随堂测验
1、which pattern has knowledge of objects currently in the memory cache? a、identity map b、data mapper c、lazy load d、unit of work
2、which pattern is responsible for handling business transactions? a、identity map b、data mapper c、lazy load d、unit of work
3、what does peaa stand for?
7.5 designing database access transactions随堂测验
1、record-at-a-time processing is possible from which sql programming level? a、level 1 b、level 2 c、level 3 d、level 4
2、what isolation level ensures serializable execution of transactions? a、dirty read possible b、nonrepeatable read possible c、phantom possible d、repeatable read
chapter 7 test
1、sql:1999 is the standard for which database? a、relational. b、object-relational. c、object-oriented. d、all of the above.
2、which of the following is not supported by the rdb model? a、structured types. b、references. c、collections. d、all of the above.
3、a view can be used: a、to program business rules b、in support of database security c、to define domains d、none of the above.
4、which is not the permissible strategy for generalization mapping? a、map the entire class hierarchy to a single “superclass” table. b、map each disjoint concrete class to a table. c、map each abstract class to a table. d、none of the above – all are permissible.
5、which pattern is defined as “an object that doesn’t contain all of the data you need but knows how to get it”? a、unit of work. b、identity map. c、data mapper. d、lazy load.
1、read the attached project statement, develop a class diagram corresponding to your sequence diagram from task 5. show only operations in classes (specify names of operation’s arguments and return types). show constructors for classes that were instantiated in task 5. specify relationships between classes (use uni-directional associations unless the interactions from task 5 suggest both-directional communication). show visibility of operations. describe the meaning of the model, including any assumptions you have made, in text under the diagram.
2、describe the definitions and differences between desktop clients and browser clients. and give a gui design for both desktop client and browser client.
3、read the attached project statement, transform the entity class diagram developed in task 3 into a relational database schema. use the schema to create a data model diagram for the ansi sql92 target.
4、for the schema produced in task 8 determine primary keys of tables, specify column, properties and establish relationships between tables. show this in a new diagram.
5、create a test case documents for the use case document produced in task 4.
chapter 8 quality and change management
chapter 8 test
1、which is not a technique of quality assurance? a、walkthrough. b、checklist. c、retrospection. d、inspection.
2、questions that a tester has to find answers for are called: a、verification points b、script queries c、test inquiries d、none of the above.
3、re-execution of relevant acceptance tests on successive code iterations is called: a、white box testing b、regression testing c、black box testing d、coverage testing
4、black box testing is also called: a、testing to specs b、functional testing c、input/output driven testing d、all of the above
5、white box testing is also called: a、functional testing b、testing to specs c、path-oriented testing d、coverage testing
final exam
objective questions
1、in the object-oriented system, we use relationship to express that a larger “whole” class includes one or more smaller “partial” classes. a、generalization b、aggregation c、inheritance d、composition
2、within the object-oriented technology, objects are instances of classes; there are three components for an object:：________、attribute and methods (or operations). a、rule b、identification c、encapsulation d、message
3、when we choose an object-oriented programming language for software development, we don’t need to considerate whether this language . a、will take the leading position of the market b、has an abundant class library c、has an mature development environment d、supports definition of global variable and global functions
4、considering the various uml views, _____(1)_____shows the system function observed by external participants; ___(2)____shows how the system function is implemented internally from the point of the system’s static structure and dynamic behaviors；_____(3)_____shows the structures of source code and actual executable code. a、(1) usecase view (2) process view (3) logical view b、(1) usecase view (2) logical view (3) process view c、(1) logical view (2) process view (3) usecase view d、(1) usecase view (2) logical view (3) implementation view
5、is a dataflow-oriented development method，the basic idea of which is the decomposition and abstraction of software functions. a、structured development method b、jackson system development method c、booch method d、uml（unified modeling language）
6、when using uml for software design, we can use relationship to express the special/general relation between two classes of affairs. a、dependency b、aggregation c、generalization d、implementation
7、the main task of object-oriented analysis (ooa) is to ________ a、build the logical model using objects as basic units b、make users' information requirements clear c、determine the overall plan of the system d、identify objects together with their attributes and operations
8、which of the following is not correct? a、object-oriented programming languages can support procedural programming. b、the time complexity of a given algorithm has no relation with the programming language used to implement it. c、compared with assembly language, programming in script languages can obtain higher execution efficiency. d、object-oriented programming languages don’t support the direct access to a member variable of an object.
9、___(1)_____is to compose data and methods for date operation into the same unit so that we can take classes as the basic reuse units, increasing its cohesion and decreasing its coupling. in the object-oriented method, _____(2)_____mechanism is the simulation of the inheritance in the real world, by this mechanism, the attributes and methods of the base class are inherit by the derived classes. a、(1) encapsulation (2)inheritance b、(1) encapsulation (2)polymophism c、(1) inheritance (2)polymophism d、(1) inheritance (2)encapsulation
10、message delivery is the communication method between objects. an object request services from another object by sending messages. a message usually includes: ________ a、message-sender's identification, operation name and necessary parameters b、the class names of message-sender and message-receiver c、message-receiver's identification, operation name and necessary parameters d、the class name of the message-receiver
11、________is used to express the relation between a class and one or more detailed classes, i.e., the relation between “general” and “special”. a、generalization b、association c、aggregation d、composition
12、the best tool for further modeling of business process flow in a complex case is ________ a、state diagram b、sequence diagram c、class diagram d、activity diagram
13、object - oriented analysis requires to find out all entities (concepts) objectively existing in the software requirements, and then summarize and abstract entity classes. ________ is a useful approach to find out entities. a、meeting survey b、questionnaire c、telephone survey d、noun phrase analysis
14、object-oriented analysis and design are two important phases in software development， _______ of the following doesn’t belong to object –oriented analysis. a、construct analysis model b、identify analysis classes c、determine interface specification d、evaluate analysis model
15、a company take charge of several projects, and each project is developed by a employee team. ________ of the following uml concept diagram is most suitable for this scenario. a、 b、 c、 d、
16、there are following business statements for an information system:①a customer submit 0 or more orders;②an order can only be submitted by one customer. there are two classes in the system “customer” and “order”. for each instance of order class, there are ____ instance(s) of customer class; while for each instance of customer class, there are ____ instance(s) of order class. a、(1) 1 (2) 1 b、(1) 1 (2) 1 or more c、(1) 1 (2) 0 or more d、(1) 0 or more (2) 1
17、in object-oriented technology, objects have the following characteristics: （1）clear boundary（2）well-defined behavours（3）fixed position and quantity（4）scalability which of the above are correct? a、（2）（4） b、（1）（2）（3）（4） c、（1）（2）（4） d、（1）（2）
18、which of the following statements concerning object-oriented analysis is wrong? a、object-oriented analysis focuses on analyzing problem domain and system responsebilities. b、object-oriented analysis needs to consider system testing. c、object-oriented analysis igonores problems related with system implementation. d、object-oriented analysis construct implementation-independent system analysis model
19、which of the following statements concerning object-oriented design is wrong? a、high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. b、abstractions should not depend on details. c、details can depend on abstractions. d、high-level modules cannot be independent with low-level modules.
20、business usecase together with actors depict _______. a、static elements in the business process b、dynamic elements in the business process c、logic view of business process d、business process supported by organizations
subjective questions
1、what is software process model? and what should be included in it?
2、according to what is explained in class, how many traditional methods of requirements elicitation are there? what are they?
3、according to what is explained in class, how many categories are there for uml models? explain the functions of each model.
4、when we talk about persistence and database design, how many levels of data models are there? what are they? please explain your answer.
5、according to what is explained in class, what should be included in a usecase model? what’s the difference between usecase inclusion and usecase extension?
6、a university has several departments. each department has several classes and research institutes. each research institute has several staff members, among which some professors and associated professors supervise some postgraduates. each class has several students. each student can opt several courses and each course can be opted by several students. （1）create corresponding concept model using noun/verb method. （2）convert the concept model from question 1 to corresponding database model, described by tables.
7、the main users of stock management system are instock administrators, outstock administrators, storage administrators and system administrators. instock administrators are responsible for the registry, update and query of instock journal. outstock administrators are responsible for the registry, update and query of outstock journal. storage administrators are responsible for the registry of stock ledger, the query of stock information and printing stock reports. system administrators are responsible for user management, data backup and product fundamental information management. create the system use case diagram and class diagram.