introduction to post cognition and basic skills of machinists机械师岗位认知与基本技能介绍1.1 job duties and safety requirements机械师的工作职责和安全要求随堂测验1、___________use machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, and machining centers, to produce precision metal parts.
a、machinists
b、artists
c、teachers
d、workers
2、before the machinists machine a part, they must carefully___________ and prepare the operation.
a、finish
b、start
c、plan
d、prepare
3、these workers first ___________ blueprints or written specifications for a job.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
4、next, they ___________ where to cut or bore into the workpiece, how fast to feed the metal into the machine, and how much metal to remove.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
5、they then ___________ tools and materials for the job, plan the sequence of cutting and finishing operations, and mark the metal stock to show where cuts should be made.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
1.2 introduction to engineering drawings机械制图介绍随堂测验1、technical drawing, ___________ or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed.
a、painting
b、drawing
c、drafting
d、lining
2、many of the symbols and principles of technical drawing are codified in an international standard called ___________.
a、iso 125
b、iso126
c、iso127
d、iso128
3、together, such conventions constitute a visual language and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively ___________ to understand.
a、hard
b、difficult
c、easy
d、impossible
4、technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in ___________ and ___________.
a、industry
b、agriculture
c、engineering
d、business
5、to make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar ___________, ___________, units of ___________, notation systems, ___________, and page layout.
a、symbols
b、perspectives
c、measurement
d、visual styles
1.3 terminology explanation:job duties，technical drawing词汇认知：岗位职责,机械制图随堂测验1、grinder
a、强制的，命令的
b、研磨机
c、学徒期
d、最重要的
2、mill
a、铣
b、保持
c、加快发展
d、学徒期
3、mandatory
a、最重要的
b、机械师
c、职业的
d、强制的，命令的
4、maintain
a、保持
b、保持
c、计算，估计
d、加快发展
5、anticipate
a、填缝枪
b、计算，估计
c、预见，预料
d、最重要的
1.3 terminology explanation:job duties，technical drawing词汇认知：岗位职责,机械制图随堂测验1、drafter
a、记号
b、图解
c、制图员
d、移除
2、convention
a、科目,纪律
b、常规
c、记号
d、技术员
3、projection
a、移除
b、拆卸
c、科目，纪律
d、投影
4、notation
a、记号
b、技术员
c、术语
d、切断
5、illustration
a、科目，纪律
b、图解
c、移除
d、常规
1.4 sentence analysis:safety requirements for a craftsman，types of engineering drawing难句释疑:机械师的工作安全要求；机械制图的种类随堂测验1、craftsmanship is a diverse field involving the use of tools to produce goods.工艺是一个涉及使用工具生产商品的领域。
2、craftsmen are skilled and adept trade workers that use hand tools, power tools and automated machinery in their daily work. 工匠是在日常工作中娴熟的、能熟练的使用手工工具、电动工具和自动化机械的行业工人。
3、they might be highly creative when developing a custom idea, or they may need to follow a specific set of blueprints when using a machine.当开发一个定制的想法时，他们可能是非常有创造力的，或者当使用机器时，他们可能需要遵循一组特定的图纸。
4、craftsmen work in environments, both indoor and outdoor, where safety is paramount and protection is mandatory.工匠在室内和室外的环境中工作，其中安全是强制性的，保护是首要的。
5、employment for machinists was expected to expand by 10%, and jobs for tool and die makers were expected to decrease by 13%, according to the bls.据bls预计，机械师的就业人数将增长到10%，预计工具和模具制造业的就业岗位将减少13%。
1.4 sentence analysis:safety requirements for a craftsman，types of engineering drawing难句释疑:机械师的工作安全要求；机械制图的种类随堂测验1、a common drawing can hold many purposes and meanings, while a technical drawing is intended to concisely and clearly communicate all needed specifications to transform an idea into physical form.一幅普通的图画可以包含许多目的和意义，而一幅技术图纸旨在简洁、明了地传达所有必须的规范，以将一种思想转化为实物形式。
2、engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, created within the engineering discipline, and used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items.工程图是一种技术图，用于全面、明确地定义工程部件的要求。
3、a cutaway drawing is a technical illustration, in which surface elements of a three-dimensional model are selectively removed, to make internal features visible, but without sacrificing the outer context entirely.剖视图是一种技术图解，其中三维模型的表面元素被选择性地去除，但不完全牺牲外部描绘。
4、an exploded view drawing is a technical drawing of an object that shows the relationship or order of assembly of the various parts. 分解图是显示了一个物体各个部件的关系或顺序的技术图。
5、the drawing must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims, and is required by the patent office rules to be in a particular form.图纸必须显示专利要求书中规定的发明的每一个特征，专利局的规则要求它具有特定的形式。
单元1测试：机械师岗位认知与基本技能介绍1、before the machinists machine a part, they must carefully___________ and prepare the operation.
a、finish
b、start
c、plan
d、prepare
2、these workers first ___________ blueprints or written specifications for a job.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
3、next, they ___________ where to cut or bore into the workpiece, how fast to feed the metal into the machine, and how much metal to remove.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
4、they then ___________ tools and materials for the job, plan the sequence of cutting and finishing operations, and mark the metal stock to show where cuts should be made.
a、review
b、calculate
c、select
d、mark
5、diverse
a、多种多样的
b、计算，估计
c、学徒期
d、车床
6、compensate
a、车床
b、补偿
c、填缝枪
d、多种多样的
7、expedite
a、强制的，命令的
b、加快发展
c、职业的
d、计算，估计
8、vocational
a、研磨机
b、预见，预料
c、职业的
d、强制的，命令的
9、calculate
a、多种多样的
b、最重要的
c、计算，估计
d、加快发展
10、cutout
a、移除
b、拆卸
c、切断
d、图解
11、suspend
a、常规
b、术语
c、悬置
d、投影
12、disassembly
a、投影
b、科目，纪律
c、常规
d、拆卸
13、process
a、工艺
b、切断
c、图解
d、常规
14、technician
a、切断
b、图解
c、常规
d、技术员
15、___________use machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, and machining centers, to produce precision metal parts.
a、machinists
b、artists
c、teachers
d、workers
16、they position the metal stock on the machine tool—___________，___________，___________, or other type of machine
a、drill press
b、lathe
c、milling machine
d、turning machine
17、technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in ___________ and ___________.
a、industry
b、agriculture
c、engineering
d、business
18、to make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar ___________, ___________, units of ___________, notation systems, ___________, and page layout.
a、symbols
b、perspectives
c、measurement
d、visual styles
19、craftsman include ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, making models, dying cuts and patterns, and completing other duties as assigned by supervisors.
a、developing custom ideas
b、reading blueprints
c、setting machines
d、using automated equipment
20、craftsmen work with different types of ___________, ___________, ___________ and ___________.
a、woods
b、metals
c、plastics
d、glass
21、craftsmanship is a diverse field involving the use of tools to produce goods.翻译为：工艺是一个涉及使用工具生产商品的领域。
22、craftsmen are skilled and adept trade workers that use hand tools, power tools and automated machinery in their daily work. 翻译为：工匠是在日常工作中娴熟的、能熟练的使用手工工具、电动工具和自动化机械的行业工人。
23、a cutaway drawing is a technical illustration, in which surface elements of a three-dimensional model are selectively removed, to make internal features visible, but without sacrificing the outer context entirely.剖视图是一种技术图解，其中三维模型的表面元素被选择性地去除，但不完全牺牲外部描绘。
24、an exploded view drawing is a technical drawing of an object that shows the relationship or order of assembly of the various parts. 翻译为：分解图是显示了一个物体各个部件的关系或顺序的技术图。
25、the drawing must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims, and is required by the patent office rules to be in a particular form.翻译为：图纸必须显示专利要求书中规定的发明的每一个特征，专利局的规则要求它具有特定的形式。
introduction to machine tools & machining operation机床和机械加工介绍2.1 introduction to machine tools机床介绍随堂测验1、the spindle ___________（旋转） in both directions.
2、the ___________(尾座) can be positioned along the ways and the quill moves within the tailstock.
3、the cross slide ___________（移动） perpendicular to the ways.
4、the compound slide moves at any preset angle over the ___________（溜板箱）.
5、the ___________(丝杠) and feed rod also rotate and reserve for certain automatic functions.
2.2 introduction to machining operations 机械加工介绍随堂测验1、___________ （不要）use a cloth shield
2、___________（缠绕）the shirt edge into the trousers.
3、___________（系） back long hair.
4、___________（移除）the wrist watch.
5、___________（使用） a wooden cradle to avoid dropping the chuck on the ways or on your finger when changing the chuck.
2.3 terminology explanation: milling machines,turning machines; turning operation,drilling operation 词汇认知：铣床,车床,车削,钻削随堂测验1、grinding
a、磨的，碾的
b、钻孔
c、曲柄
d、剪切
2、lathe
a、变形
b、使成型
c、车床
d、约束
3、treadle
a、踏车
b、踏板
c、调速轮，飞轮
d、电气化
4、shearing
a、车床
b、约束
c、先驱
d、剪切
5、flywheel
a、调速轮，飞轮
b、齿轮
c、电气化
d、气动的
2.3 terminology explanation: milling machines,turning machines; turning operation,drilling operation 词汇认知：铣床,车床,车削,钻削随堂测验1、machining
a、精加工
b、刀口
c、加工
d、制造
2、manufacture
a、腐蚀
b、制造
c、垂直的
d、圆柱的
3、refine
a、制造
b、镗孔
c、结构，纹理
d、精加工
4、edge
a、刀口
b、刀具
c、拉削
d、牛头刨
5、erosion
a、加工
b、制造
c、腐蚀
d、垂直的
2.4 sentence analysis:the development of milling machines & turning machines；the function of turning and drilling难句释疑:铣床和车床的发展；车削和钻削操作随堂测验1、a machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation.翻译为：机床是一种用于对金属进行成型或加工的机器，通常通过切削、镗孔、磨削、剪切或其他形式的变形实现。
2、forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient egypt prior to 2500 bc, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of europe since at least 1000 to 500 bc.翻译为：机床的鼻祖包括弓钻和拉坯轮，他们出现在公元2500年的古埃及；而车床，已知至少在公元1000至500年出现在欧洲的多个地区。
3、however, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others.翻译为：然而，从这些根源也演变出一种我们今天所定义的机床制造者，意指那些专门从事制造机床并出售给他人的人。
4、human and animal power (via cranks, treadles, treadmills, or treadwheels) were used in the past, as was water power (via water wheel); however, following the development of high-pressure steam engines in the mid 19th century, factories increasingly used steam power.翻译为：过去使用人力和动物力（通过曲柄、踏板、踏车），还有水动力（通过水轮）；然而，随着十九世纪中期高压蒸汽发动机的发展，工厂越来越多地使用蒸汽动力。
5、with the milling technology evolving, light, cost-effective and well constructed milling machines had been created. mills had been controlled manually via handwheels or levers, or mechanically automated via cams before the advent of nc (numerically controlled) mills.翻译为：随着铣削技术的不断发展，轻便、成本低以及构造良好的铣床已被造出。但在nc（数控）到来前，铣削一般是通过手轮或手柄手动控制，或通过凸轮由机械自动控制完成。
2.4 sentence analysis:the development of milling machines & turning machines；the function of turning and drilling难句释疑:铣床和车床的发展；车削和钻削操作随堂测验1、more recent advanced machining techniques include electrical discharge machining (edm), electro-chemical erosion, laser, or water jet cutting to shape metal work-pieces.翻译为：较新的先进加工技术包括电火花加工（edm）、激光或水射流切割以成形金属工件。
2、there are many kinds of machining operations, each of which is capable of generating a certain part geometry and surface texture.翻译为：有许多种加工操作，每一种都能够产生某种几何形状和表面纹理。
3、the speed motion in turning is provided by the rotating work-part, and the feed motion is achieved by the cutting tool moving slowly in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the work-piece.翻译为：车削中的速度运动是由旋转工作部件提供的，进给运动是由刀具沿与工件的旋转轴线平行的方向缓慢移动来实现的。
4、in milling, a rotating tool with multiple cutting edges is moved slowly relative to the material to generate a plane or straight surface.翻译为：在铣削中，具有多个切削刃的旋转工具相对于材料缓慢地移动以产生直表面。
5、the common feature is the use of a cutting tool to form a chip that is removed from the work-part, called swarf.翻译为：共同的特点是使用切削工具形成从工件脱离的碎片，称为切屑。
单元2测试：机床和机械加工介绍1、boring
a、气动的
b、钻孔
c、磨的，碾的
d、剪切
2、crank
a、使成型
b、踏车
c、曲柄
d、齿轮
3、deformation
a、变形
b、磨的，碾的
c、踏板
d、钻孔
4、shaping
a、曲柄
b、先驱
c、使成型
d、磨的，碾的
5、treadmill
a、调速轮，飞轮
b、踏板
c、踏车
d、电气化
6、perpendicular
a、垂直的
b、刀具
c、拉削
d、精加工
7、cylindrical
a、圆柱的
b、结构，纹理
c、龙门刨
d、制造
8、bore
a、牛头刨
b、镗孔
c、放电
d、刀口
9、broach
a、腐蚀
b、加工
c、拉削
d、镗孔
10、texture
a、垂直的
b、精加工
c、龙门刨
d、结构，纹理
11、grinding
a、磨的，碾的
b、钻孔
c、曲柄
d、剪切
12、lathe
a、变形
b、使成型
c、车床
d、约束
13、treadle
a、踏车
b、踏板
c、调速轮，飞轮
d、电气化
14、shearing
a、车床
b、约束
c、先驱
d、剪切
15、flywheel
a、调速轮，飞轮
b、齿轮
c、电气化
d、气动的
16、machining
a、精加工
b、刀口
c、加工
d、制造
17、manufacture
a、腐蚀
b、制造
c、垂直的
d、圆柱的
18、refine
a、制造
b、镗孔
c、结构，纹理
d、精加工
19、edge
a、刀口
b、刀具
c、拉削
d、牛头刨
20、erosion
a、加工
b、制造
c、腐蚀
d、垂直的
21、a machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation.翻译为：机床是一种用于对金属进行成型或加工的机器，通常通过切削、镗孔、磨削、剪切或其他形式的变形实现。
22、forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient egypt prior to 2500 bc, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of europe since at least 1000 to 500 bc.翻译为：机床的鼻祖包括弓钻和拉坯轮，他们出现在公元2500年的古埃及；而车床，已知至少在公元1000至500年出现在欧洲的多个地区。
23、however, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others.翻译为：然而，从这些根源也演变出一种我们今天所定义的机床制造者，意指那些专门从事制造机床并出售给他人的人。
24、more recent advanced machining techniques include electrical discharge machining (edm), electro-chemical erosion, laser, or water jet cutting to shape metal work-pieces.翻译为：较新的先进加工技术包括电火花加工（edm）、激光或水射流切割以成形金属工件。
25、there are many kinds of machining operations, each of which is capable of generating a certain part geometry and surface texture.翻译为：有许多种加工操作，每一种都能够产生某种几何形状和表面纹理。
introduction to plc & electrical engineering plc和电气工程简介3.1introduction to plc 可编程逻辑控制器介绍随堂测验1、a plc (___________) (可编程逻辑控制器)is a central processing unit for automation.
2、plc are designed with multiple___________ (i/o)（输入和输出） and work based on the on-off sequential concept similar to a relay switching concept which has been largely used in industry.
3、like other computerized devices, there is a ___________ (cpu)（中央处理器） in a plc.
4、___________（存储器） is the component that stores information, programs, and data in a plc.
5、the common types of memory used in plcs are ___________(rom)（只读存储器） and random access memory (ram).
3.2introduction to electrical engineering 电气工程介绍随堂测验1、___________（电气工程） is sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering.
2、electrical engineering first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the ___________ （电报） and electrical power supply.
3、electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and___________（电动机控制）.
4、electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and ___________（集成电路）.
5、electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to transmit ___________（信息）.
3.3 terminology explanation:programmable logic controller，electrical engineering & electronic engineering 词汇认知：可编程逻辑控制器 ；电气工程和电子工程随堂测验1、drum
a、特征
b、鼓
c、扫描
d、陈述
2、sequencing
a、测序
b、扫描
c、监视
d、螺线管
3、monitor
a、扫描
b、测序
c、特征
d、监视器
4、cabinet
a、监视
b、可靠性
c、柜
d、模块
5、characteristic
a、典型的
b、柜
c、复制
d、流体的
3.3 terminology explanation:programmable logic controller，electrical engineering & electronic engineering 词汇认知：可编程逻辑控制器 ；电气工程和电子工程随堂测验1、electrical
a、电磁
b、电
c、电的，电气的
d、电子学
2、electric
a、电子学
b、电动的
c、电的，电气的
d、电磁
3、electricity
a、电报
b、电动的
c、电力供应
d、电
4、electronics
a、电子学
b、电报
c、电力供应
d、电
5、electromagnetism
a、电子学
b、电磁
c、电
d、电报
3.4 sentence analysis:the characteristic structure of plc;the functions of electric motors 难句释疑:plc的典型结构;电动机的功能随堂测验1、as computers, plcs can perform timing functions (for the equivalent of time-delay relays), drum sequencing, and other advanced functions with far greater accuracy and reliability than what is possible to use electromechanical logic devices. 翻译为：作为计算机，plc可以执行定时功能（相当于延时继电器）、鼓排序和其他高级功能，与使用机电逻辑器件的精度和可靠性差不多。
2、fit into a control cabinet, a plc takes up little room, especially considering the equivalent space that would be needed by electromechanical relays to perform the same functions. 翻译为：适合控制柜的plc占用空间小，特别是考虑到由机电式继电器执行相同的功能所需的相当大的空间。
3、because a plc is nothing more than a special-purpose digital computer, it has the ability to communicate with other computers rather easily. 翻译为：因为plc只不过是一种专用的数字计算机，所以它与其他计算机进行交流不很容易。
4、a program stored in the computer specifies which outputs should be energized on the basis of the present and past states of the input signals. 翻译为：存储在计算机中的程序根据输入信号当前和过去的输入信号状态指定应该激活哪些信息。
5、the relative simplicity of switching control makes it attractive for use in automatic machines and processes where the requirement is for the machine or process to follow a set sequence of operations. 翻译为：切换控制的相对简单性使其在自动机器和遵循一系列的操作顺序的过程中具有吸引力。
3.4 sentence analysis:the characteristic structure of plc;the functions of electric motors 难句释疑:plc的典型结构;电动机的功能随堂测验1、because of its simplicity, economy, and durability, the induction motor is more widely used for industrial purposes than any other type of ac motor, especially if a high-speed drive is desired. 翻译为：由于其简单性、经济性和耐用性，在工业中，感应电机的应用比其他类型的交流电机大得多。
2、however, if there are machine tools or other machines requiring adjustable speed or a wide range of speed control, it will probably be desirable to install dc motors on such machines and supply them from the ac system by motor-generator sets or electronic rectifiers. 翻译为：然而，如果有需要“可调速”或“广”范围的速度控制机床或其他机器，那么在这种机器上安装交流电动机可能是很有希望的，并用电动-发电机组或电子整流器将它们从交流系统中供电。
3、for varying-speed service, wound-rotor motors with resistance control are used for fans, blowers, and other apparatus for continuous duty and are used for cranes, hoists, and other installations for intermittent duty. 翻译为：对于变速器，采用带电阻控制的鼠笼式电机用于风扇、鼓风机和其他连续作业的设备，或用于起重机、卷扬机和其他间歇作业的设备。
4、the synchronous motor is even more expensive and requires a source of dc excitation, as well as special synchronizing control to apply the dc power at the correct instant. 翻译为：同步电动机更昂贵，需要直流励磁电源，以及专门的同步控制器，以便在适当的瞬间接入直流电源。
5、the various types of single-phase ac motors and universal motors are used very little in industrial applications since poly-phase ac or dc power is generally available. 翻译为：在工业中很少使用各种类型的单相交流电动机和交直流两用电动机，因为有多相交流电源或直流电源可用。
单元3测试：plc和电气工程简介1、drum
a、特征
b、鼓
c、扫描
d、陈述
2、sequencing
a、测序
b、扫描
c、监视
d、螺线管
3、monitor
a、扫描
b、测序
c、特征
d、监视
4、cabinet
a、监视
b、可靠性
c、柜
d、模块
5、characteristic
a、典型的
b、柜
c、复制
d、流体的
6、duplicate
a、复制
b、测序
c、扫描
d、监视
7、energize
a、扫描
b、激活
c、陈述
d、可靠性
8、indicator
a、流体的
b、显示器
c、监视
d、特征
9、statement
a、可靠性
b、陈述
c、语句
d、模块
10、declaration
a、流体的
b、柜
c、陈述
d、特征
11、electrical
a、电磁
b、电
c、电的，电气的
d、电子学
12、electric
a、电子学
b、电动的
c、电的，电气的
d、电磁
13、electricity
a、电报
b、电动的
c、电力供应
d、电
14、electronics
a、电子学
b、电报
c、电力供应
d、电
15、electromagnetism
a、电子学
b、电磁
c、电
d、电报
16、electric telegraph
a、电力供应
b、电磁
c、电子学
d、电报
17、electrical power supply
a、电力供应
b、电
c、电子学
d、电报
18、electrician
a、电子学
b、电磁
c、电工
d、电
19、electrical engineering
a、电子工程
b、电气工程
c、电子学
d、电报
20、electronic engineering
a、电子学
b、电气工程
c、电磁
d、电子工程
21、as computers, plcs can perform timing functions (for the equivalent of time-delay relays), drum sequencing, and other advanced functions with far greater accuracy and reliability than what is possible to use electromechanical logic devices. 翻译为：作为计算机，plc可以执行定时功能（相当于延时继电器）、鼓排序和其他高级功能，与使用机电逻辑器件的精度和可靠性差不多。
22、fit into a control cabinet, a plc takes up little room, especially considering the equivalent space that would be needed by electromechanical relays to perform the same functions. 翻译为：适合控制柜的plc占用空间小，特别是考虑到由机电式继电器执行相同的功能所需的相当大的空间。
23、because of its simplicity, economy, and durability, the induction motor is more widely used for industrial purposes than any other type of ac motor, especially if a high-speed drive is desired. 翻译为：由于其简单性、经济性和耐用性，在工业中，感应电机的应用比其他类型的交流电机大得多。
24、however, if there are machine tools or other machines requiring adjustable speed or a wide range of speed control, it will probably be desirable to install dc motors on such machines and supply them from the ac system by motor-generator sets or electronic rectifiers. 翻译为：然而，如果有需要“可调速”或“广”范围的速度控制机床或其他机器，那么在这种机器上安装交流电动机可能是很有希望的，并用电动-发电机组或电子整流器将它们从交流系统中供电。
25、for varying-speed service, wound-rotor motors with resistance control are used for fans, blowers, and other apparatus for continuous duty and are used for cranes, hoists, and other installations for intermittent duty. 翻译为：对于变速器，采用带电阻控制的鼠笼式电机用于风扇、鼓风机和其他连续作业的设备，或用于起重机、卷扬机和其他间歇作业的设备。
introduction to cnc machines & industrial robots 计算机数控机床和工业机器人简介 4.1introduction to cnc machines 计算机数控机床介绍随堂测验1、___________（计算机数控） is a manufacturing process in which pre-programmed computer software dictates the movement of factory tools and machinery.
2、with cnc machining, ___________（三维的）cutting tasks can be accomplished in a single set of prompts.
3、the earliest numerical control machines date to the ___________ （填时间）when motors were first employed to control the movement of pre-existing tools.
4、some of the more common cnc-operated processes include ultrasonic welding, hole-punching and ___________（激光切割）.
5、the most frequently used machines in cnc systems include the following: cnc mills，lathes，plasma cutters，___________（电火花加工）, and water jet cutters.
4.2introduction to industrial robots 工业机器人介绍随堂测验1、an industrial robot commonly refers to a___________（机械臂） used in a factory environment for manufacturing applications.
2、cartesian robots are robots that can do ___________（填数字） translations using linear slides.
3、scara robots are robots that can do 3 translations plus a ___________（旋转，轮流） around a vertical axis.
4、6-axis robots are robots that can fully___________（安置）their tool in a given position (3 translations) and orientation (3 orientations)
5、dual-arm robots are composed of ___________(填数字) arms that can work together on a given work piece.
4.3 terminology explanation:computer numerical control，industrial robots词汇认知：计算机数控机床，工业机器人随堂测验1、programmer
a、编程员
b、共性
c、自动化
d、线性的
2、coordinate
a、复杂性
b、格式
c、旋转
d、协调
3、chamfer
a、识别
b、线性的
c、倒角
d、共性
4、programmable
a、可编程的
b、协调
c、个人的
d、识别
5、automate
a、自动化
b、旋转
c、出现
d、程序
4.3 terminology explanation:computer numerical control，industrial robots词汇认知：计算机数控机床，工业机器人随堂测验1、robot technology
a、机械手
b、监控
c、机器人技术
d、分类
2、manipulator
a、水力的
b、机械手
c、气动的
d、龙门
3、joints
a、龙门
b、气动的
c、监控
d、关节
4、classify
a、分类
b、机械手
c、水力的
d、机器人技术
5、monitoring
a、组合
b、监控
c、球形
d、关节
4.4 sentence analysis:the structure of cnc，the types of industrial robots 难句释疑:cnc基本结构，工业机器人的类型随堂测验1、while people in most walks of life have never heard of this term, cnc has touched almost every form of manufacturing process in one way or another. 翻译为：虽然大多数人从未听说过这个词，但cnc已经以同样的方式触及了几乎每一种制造过程。
2、cnc machines are programmed by a cnc programmer, who uses a machining print to determine x, y, and z coordinates for each cutting tool inside the cnc to move to. 翻译为：数控机床由数控编程人员编程，编程人员使用加工打印确定数控系统内每个刀具的x、y和z坐标。
3、in fact cnc operators tend to get quite bored during lengthy production runs because there is so little to do. 翻译为：事实上，cnc操作员在长时间的生产过程中往往会感到厌烦，因为有很多事情可做。
4、one of the first specifications that implies a cnc machine’s complexity is how many axes it has 翻译为：表明数控机床复杂性的第一个规格是它有多少个轴。
5、the spindle speed (in revolutions per minute) can be easily specified and the spindle can be turned on in a forward or reverse direction. 翻译为：主轴转速（每分钟转数）可以很容易地指定，主轴只能正向转动。
4.4 sentence analysis:the structure of cnc，the types of industrial robots 难句释疑:cnc基本结构，工业机器人的类型随堂测验1、today with robots a reality, analyzing these laws of robotics provides a worthwhile concept for roboticists to consider when designing robot control systems. 当今，随着机器人已成为现实，分析机器人的这些规律为机器人学家设计机器人控制系统时提供了一个有价值的概念。
2、a robot is a re-programmable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.翻译为：机器人是一种不可重复编程的多功能机械手，用于通过可变程序运动来移动材料、零件、工具、特殊装置以完成各种任务。
3、because they provide high speed and strength, hydraulic systems are adopted for large industrial robots.由于它们提供高速和强度，液压系统被用于大型工业机器人。
4、compared with a hydraulic system, an electric system provides a robot with less speed and strength. accordingly, electric drive systems are adopted for smaller robots.与液压系统相比，电动系统提供了一种速度和强度较高的机器人。因此，电动驱动系统被用于较小的机器人。
5、these robots generally have fewer axes of movement, and carry out simple pick-and-place material-handling operations. 这些机器人通常具有较少的运动轴线，并进行简单的拾取和放置材料处理操作。
单元4测试：计算机数控机床和工业机器人简介1、robot technology
a、机械手
b、监控
c、机器人技术
d、分类
2、manipulator
a、水力的
b、机械手
c、气动的
d、龙门
3、joints
a、龙门
b、气动的
c、监控
d、关节
4、classify
a、分类
b、机械手
c、水力的
d、机器人技术
5、monitoring
a、组合
b、监控
c、球形
d、关节
6、hydraulic
a、机器人技术
b、球形
c、气动的
d、水力的
7、gentry
a、龙门
b、关节
c、分类
d、组合
8、pneumatic
a、组合
b、监控
c、气动的
d、球形
9、combination
a、机械手
b、组合
c、龙门
d、机器人技术
10、spherical
a、关节
b、分类
c、水力的
d、球形
11、program
a、可编程的
b、程序
c、倒角
d、编程员
12、programmer
a、编程员
b、共性
c、自动化
d、线性的
13、coordinate
a、复杂性
b、格式
c、旋转
d、协调
14、chamfer
a、识别
b、线性的
c、倒角
d、共性
15、programmable
a、可编程的
b、协调
c、个人的
d、识别
16、automate
a、自动化
b、旋转
c、出现
d、程序
17、commonality
a、一致性
b、共性
c、可编程的
d、增量
18、linear
a、程序
b、线性的
c、一致性
d、协调
19、complexity
a、倒角
b、阻塞
c、复杂性
d、格式
20、rotary
a、协调
b、自动化
c、旋转
d、绝对
21、today with robots a reality, analyzing these laws of robotics provides a worthwhile concept for roboticists to consider when designing robot control systems. 当今，随着机器人已成为现实，分析机器人的这些规律为机器人学家设计机器人控制系统时提供了一个有价值的概念。
22、a robot is a re-programmable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.翻译为：机器人是一种不可重复编程的多功能机械手，用于通过可变程序运动来移动材料、零件、工具、特殊装置以完成各种任务。
23、while people in most walks of life have never heard of this term, cnc has touched almost every form of manufacturing process in one way or another. 翻译为：虽然大多数人从未听说过这个词，但cnc已经以同样的方式触及了几乎每一种制造过程。
24、in fact cnc operators tend to get quite bored during lengthy production runs because there is so little to do. 翻译为：事实上，cnc操作员在长时间的生产过程中往往会感到厌烦，因为有很多事情可做。
25、the spindle speed (in revolutions per minute) can be easily specified and the spindle can be turned on in a forward or reverse direction. 翻译为：主轴转速（每分钟转数）可以很容易地指定，主轴只能正向转动。
introduction to welding technology焊接技术简介 5.1 introduction to welding 焊接基本知识介绍随堂测验1、there are five basic types of joints. they are butt joint, ___________(角接接头), t-joint, lap joint and edge joint
2、welding means to use (or not use) ___________(填充金属) and heat (with or without pressure) to form a continuity of solid metal between the workpieces.
3、there are four basic welding positions. they are ___________(平焊位置) (l g), horizontal position (2g), vertical position (3g), and overhead position (4g）.
4、welded joint is a composite of all the parts involved in welding and comprises ___________（焊接金属）, bond area and heat-affected zone (often called haz).
5、certain welding processes have "___________（全位置）" capabilities, while others may be used in only one or two positions.
5.2 introduction to shielded metal arc welding焊条电弧焊简介随堂测验1、___________（焊条电弧焊）(smaw) is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc between a covered or "coated" metal rod called the electrode and the work.
2、the work is made part of an electric circuit known as the___________(焊接电路) .
3、this circuit includes a ___________, （电源）welding cables, an electrode holder, a ground clamp and the consumable welding electrode.
4、welding begins when an ___________（电弧） is formed or struck between the metallic electrode and the work.
5、if the welds are flat or horizontal, the actual transfer is induced by the___________ （重力）, molecular attraction and surface tension.
5.3 terminology explanation:welded joint, shielded metal arc welding 词汇认知：焊接接头，焊条电弧焊随堂测验1、helment
a、头盔
b、有色金属
c、镁
d、冶金
2、decomposition
a、脾气
b、分解
c、发电机
d、重力
3、mechanical
a、机械的
b、积极
c、铝
d、头盔
4、metallurgical
a、分解
b、机械的
c、冶金
d、金属
5、gravity
a、张力
b、淬火
c、镁
d、重力
5.3 terminology explanation:welded joint, shielded metal arc welding 词汇认知：焊接接头，焊条电弧焊随堂测验1、workpiece
a、水平
b、工件
c、一片
d、努力
2、joint
a、参加
b、熔化
c、接头
d、交叉点
3、junction
a、条约
b、接头
c、平坦
d、交叉点
4、composite
a、复杂
b、垂直
c、复合材料
d、插头
5、bond
a、熔合区
b、绑定
c、凹槽
d、插头
5.4 sentence analysis:types of welding positions and welds；process of shielded metal arc welding难句释疑:焊接位置和焊缝的种类，焊条电弧焊的过程随堂测验1、welding means to use filler metal (or not) and heat (with or without pressure) to form a continuity of solid metal between the workpieces. 翻译为：“焊接”指用填充金属，通过加热，在工件之间形成连续的固态金属。
2、joint is "the junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined." 翻译为：焊接接头是“工件的连接点或者是将要被连接的或已被连接的工件的边缘区域。
3、heat-affected zone is the part of the base metal which, because of its proximity to the fused metal, has been influenced by the heat generated in the welding process. 翻译为：热影响区是母材的一部分，由于临近熔化的金属，在焊接过程中受焊接热作用的影响。
4、certain welding processes have "all-position" capabilities, while others may be used in only one or two positions. 翻译为：某种焊接方法具有全位置焊接的能力，而其他的焊接方法只适用于一个焊接位置。
5、there are many different types of welds, and they are best described by their shape when shown in cross section. 翻译为：有多种不同的焊缝形式，当焊缝以横截面表示时，最好由其横截面的形状表述。
5.4 sentence analysis:types of welding positions and welds；process of shielded metal arc welding难句释疑:焊接位置和焊缝的种类，焊条电弧焊的过程随堂测验1、shielded metal arc welding (smaw) is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc between a covered or "coated" metal rod called the electrode and the work. 翻译为：焊条电弧焊是用被称为焊条的金属棒和工件之间所产生的电弧进行加热而形成结合的一种电弧焊工艺。
2、like the other electric arc welding processes, it employs the heat of the electric arc to bring the work to be welded and a consumable electrode to a molten state. 翻译为：像其他的电弧焊一样，它利用电弧将被焊的工件和可融化的焊条加热到溶解状态。
3、tiny globules of molten metal rapidly form on the tip of the electrode and transfer through the arc into the molten pool or weld puddle on the work's surface. 翻译为：细小的金属熔滴快速地在焊条末端形成，并穿过电弧空间过渡到工件表面的熔池中。
4、molecular attraction and surface tension are the forces that induce metal transfer from the electrode to the work where the weld is being made in the vertical or overhead position. 翻译为：焊缝处于立焊和仰焊位置时，分子吸引力和表面张力是促进熔滴从焊条向工件过渡的力。
5、when the electrode cable is fastened to the negative pole of the generator and the work to the positive pole, the polarity is positive, or more commonly referred to as straight polarity. 翻译为：当电极电缆被连接在发电机的负极，且工件接正极时，极性是正的，或按更常规的说法叫做负接。
单元5测试：焊接技术简介1、helment
a、头盔
b、有色金属
c、镁
d、冶金
2、decomposition
a、脾气
b、分解
c、发电机
d、重力
3、mechanical
a、机械的
b、积极
c、铝
d、头盔
4、metallurgical
a、分解
b、机械的
c、冶金
d、金属
5、gravity
a、张力
b、淬火
c、镁
d、重力
6、tension
a、张力
b、重力
c、积极的
d、分解
7、polarity
a、积极的
b、极性
c、发电机
d、镁
8、positive
a、积极的
b、极性
c、消极的
d、发电机
9、generator
a、发电机
b、种族
c、时代
d、冶金
10、nonferrous
a、著名的
b、机械的
c、有色金属
d、重力
11、workpiece
a、水平
b、工件
c、一片
d、努力
12、joint
a、参加
b、熔化
c、接头
d、交叉点
13、junction
a、条约
b、接头
c、平坦
d、交叉点
14、composite
a、复杂
b、垂直
c、复合材料
d、插头
15、bond
a、熔合区
b、绑定
c、凹槽
d、插头
16、melt
a、气味
b、熔化
c、保险丝
d、屁股
17、fuse
a、插头
b、凹槽
c、保险丝
d、插槽
18、butt
a、屁股
b、工件
c、接头
d、平坦
19、flat
a、平坦
b、债券
c、平原
d、水平的
20、horizontal
a、垂直
b、间接
c、水平的
d、交叉点
21、welding means to use filler metal (or not) and heat (with or without pressure) to form a continuity of solid metal between the workpieces. 翻译为：“焊接”指用填充金属，通过加热，在工件之间形成连续的固态金属。
22、joint is "the junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined." 翻译为：焊接接头是“工件的连接点或者是将要被连接的或已被连接的工件的边缘区域。
23、shielded metal arc welding (smaw) is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc between a covered or "coated" metal rod called the electrode and the work. 翻译为：焊条电弧焊是用被称为焊条的金属棒和工件之间所产生的电弧进行加热而形成结合的一种电弧焊工艺。
24、like the other electric arc welding processes, it employs the heat of the electric arc to bring the work to be welded and a consumable electrode to a molten state. 翻译为：像其他的电弧焊一样，它利用电弧将被焊的工件和可融化的焊条加热到溶解状态。
25、tiny globules of molten metal rapidly form on the tip of the electrode and transfer through the arc into the molten pool or weld puddle on the work's surface. 翻译为：细小的金属熔滴快速地在焊条末端形成，并穿过电弧空间过渡到工件表面的熔池中。
期末测试航空机械制造专业英语期末测试1、technician
a、切断
b、图解
c、常规
d、技术员
2、disassembly
a、投影
b、科目，纪律
c、常规
d、拆卸
3、process
a、工艺
b、切断
c、图解
d、常规
4、diverse
a、多种多样的
b、计算，估计
c、学徒期
d、车床
5、manufacture
a、腐蚀
b、制造
c、垂直的
d、圆柱的
6、machining
a、精加工
b、刀口
c、加工
d、制造
7、bore
a、牛头刨
b、镗孔
c、放电
d、刀口
8、lathe
a、变形
b、使成型
c、车床
d、约束
9、deformation
a、变形
b、磨的，碾的
c、踏板
d、钻孔
10、grinding
a、磨的，碾的
b、钻孔
c、曲柄
d、剪切
11、electrical
a、电磁
b、电
c、电的，电气的
d、电子学
12、electronics
a、电子学
b、电报
c、电力供应
d、电
13、electrical engineering
a、电子工程
b、电气工程
c、电子学
d、电报
14、electronic engineering
a、电子学
b、电气工程
c、电磁
d、电子工程
15、programmer
a、编程员
b、共性
c、自动化
d、线性的
16、linear
a、程序
b、线性的
c、一致性
d、协调
17、robot technology
a、机械手
b、监控
c、机器人技术
d、分类
18、pneumatic
a、组合
b、监控
c、气动的
d、球形
19、helment
a、头盔
b、有色金属
c、镁
d、冶金
20、mechanical
a、机械的
b、积极
c、铝
d、头盔
21、a cutaway drawing is a technical illustration, in which surface elements of a three-dimensional model are selectively removed, to make internal features visible, but without sacrificing the outer context entirely.剖视图是一种技术图解，其中三维模型的表面元素被选择性地去除，但不完全牺牲外部描绘。
22、a machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation.翻译为：机床是一种用于对金属进行成型或加工的机器，通常通过切削、镗孔、磨削、剪切或其他形式的变形实现。
23、however, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others.翻译为：然而，从这些根源也演变出一种我们今天所定义的机床制造者，意指那些专门从事制造机床并出售给他人的人。
24、fit into a control cabinet, a plc takes up little room, especially considering the equivalent space that would be needed by electromechanical relays to perform the same functions. 翻译为：适合控制柜的plc占用空间小，特别是考虑到由机电式继电器执行相同的功能所需的相当大的空间。
25、cnc machines are programmed by a cnc programmer, who uses a machining print to determine x, y, and z coordinates for each cutting tool inside the cnc to move to. 翻译为：数控机床由数控编程人员编程，编程人员使用加工打印确定数控系统内每个刀具的x、y和z坐标。
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